粒子侵蚀问题的研究

固体火箭发动机排出的高温、高速燃气对热防护材料有很大的侵蚀作用,特别是燃气中的氧化铝粒子对材料的侵蚀起主要作用。为此,本文对粒子侵蚀问题做了理论分析和实验研究;提供了一个用以计算粒子侵蚀速度的方法和公式。最后的算例表明,此方法可行,并具有足够的精度。     

喷管喉部沉积层的初始沉积速度预估

本文以两种理论分析方法分析了固体火箭发动机喷管喉部沉积层的形成规律.其一,针对喉部沉积层是喉部上游沉积物流动的结果的论点,以粘性层流理论分析了液体薄层的流动性质,并对此论点提出了不同看法.其二,以粒子的宏观运动规律出发,推导粒子的初始沉积速度公式,并取得成功.从而弥补了在沉积问题的理论分析中必须借助于实验资料的不足.     

纳米铜铬复合氧化物对RDX热分解的催化作用

为了研究纳米CuO.Cr2O3复合物的催化性能，采用室温固相化学反应法制备出不同铜、铬质量比的纳米CuO.Cr2O3复合物，测出产物的粒径约为15nm，用DSC测试了纳米CuO.Cr2O3复合物对RDX热分解的催化作用。结果表明．：纳米CuO.Cr2O3复合物对RDX热分解有较好的催化效果，它使RDX的分解峰温提前了11．1℃，活化能降低了17kJ/mol，其作用明显优于纳米CuO和纳米Cr2O3及其混合物。     

氧化物玻璃中 Eu￣(3+) 离子的敏化发光与能量传递

研究了氧化物玻璃中Ｅｕ３＋离子的敏化发光。结果表明，硅酸盐玻璃中Ｂｉ３＋向Ｅｕ３＋离子产生共振能量转移而对Ｅｕ３＋发光起敏化作用；磷酸盐玻璃中，Ｐｒ３＋，Ｓｍ３＋对Ｅｕ３＋离子产生特征激发敏化发光，提出了声子支助的共振能量转移模型，解释了Ｅｕ３＋的敏化发光。     

Preparation of Highly Dispersed Antimony-doped Tin Oxide Nano-powder via Ion-exchange Hydrolysis of SnCl4 and SbCl3 and Azeotropic Drying

Antimony-doped tin hydroxide colloid precipitates have been synthesized by hydrolysis of SnCl4 and SbCl3 using: (1) an ion-exchange hydrolysis to remove chlorine ions, and (2) isoamyl acetate as an azeotropic solvent to obviate water. The obtained dried powder is of high dispersivity without any need for further grinding. The size and dispersivity of the final particles are investigated with the aid of TG-DTA, BET, XRD and TEM. After having calcined, the antimony-doped tin oxide nanopowder possesses a tetragonal rutile structure with high dispersivity, uniform particles and low hard agglomeration.     

高温氧化对EB-PVD热障涂层内部应力场分布影响的数值模拟

针对电子束物理气相沉积(EB-PVD)热障涂层(TBCs)复杂结构的特点,选用Walker黏塑性本构模型实现对其高温力学行为的准确描述.选择具有叶片曲率特征的圆管试样,并借鉴实际发动机载荷特征进行数值分析.重点考虑EB-PVD热障涂层界面的形状以及热生长氧化层(TGO)厚度变化对应力场的影响.计算结果表明,直线型界面对EB-PVD热障涂层结构的应力场改变不大,而余弦界面对EB-PVD热障涂层的应力场改变的幅度可达2倍之多;热生长氧化层的出现导致陶瓷层界面处的应力绝对值增加;无论是循环至最高温度1 050℃还是冷却到100℃时,界面波谷始终受径向压应力,此处不易形成损伤,而波峰处的应力比较大,且其应力状态是损伤容易形成的部位,可以认为是陶瓷层失效与破坏的危险点.     

氧化物弥散强化MGH956合金冷轧板材的再结晶

对氧化物弥散强化MGH956冷轧板材再结晶退火后可形成较为均匀细小和极其粗大两种完全不同晶粒组织状态的再结晶行为进行了研究。采用光学显微镜对冷轧板材在700~1350℃,1~120min等温退火后的组织检验结果显示:这两种晶粒组织状态的再结晶在起始和完成温度、起始形核位置、及长大速率等方面均存在显著差异,表明MGH956冷轧板材的再结晶并非仅以一种,至少可以两种不同的机制形成,并且,这两种机制还可共同发生在同一板材,导致MGH956板材再结晶组织形貌呈多样性,晶粒尺寸出现极为明显的差异。     

新型碳基复合吸波材料的制备及性能研究

在聚丙烯腈(PAN)聚合液中分别加入Fe,nano-Fe和FeC2O4.2H2O,经热处理后制备了三种新型的电磁损耗型碳基复合吸波材料.通过X射线衍射仪(XRD)对复合材料分别进行物相分析,三种复合材料中,Fe元素主要以Fe3O4的形式存在.根据所测得的介电常数和磁导率比较分析了三种碳基复合材料和纯碳材料的吸波性能,结果表明加入Fe和nano-Fe制备的碳基复合材料有效改善了纯碳材料的输入波阻抗匹配程度,提高了微波吸收性能.结果表明,加入Fe和nano-Fe制备的碳基复合材料,涂层厚度分别为1.9和2.2mm时,在12.7～ 18GHz频段内,反射损失值都小于- 10dB,有效吸收带宽为5.3GHz.涂层厚度均增至2.5mm,最小反射损失值分别达到- 46和- 29.8dB,有效改善了纯碳基体输入波阻抗匹配程度,提高了微波吸收性能.     

氧化亚氮双组元发动机热力性能计算分析

对绿色推进剂N2O,H2,CH3OH,C2H5OH,CH4,C2H6,C2H4,C2H2,C3H8及C3H6的物性进行了全面比较,并采用吉布斯最小自由能法对9种氧化亚氮双组元推进剂组合的热力性能展开全面计算及分析。N2O/H2组合由于其最低的燃气平均摩尔质量而具有最高的比冲;N2O/C2H2组合由于C2H2很高的标准生成焓其燃烧温度可高达3823 K;碳氢燃料在余氧系数α<0.4富燃工况下燃气中含有固碳颗粒,且摩尔含量随着α的降低而急剧升高,喷管出口处可高达35%～40%;N2O/C3H8和N2O/C3H6组合拥有很好的空间应用物性和较高的热力性能,在压比pc:pe=70 atm:1 atm工况下平衡流比冲分别为2 639 m/s和2 656 m/s,具有很好的应用前景。     

O2 evolution and cyclic electron flow around photosystem I in long-term ground batch culture of Euglena gracilis

Based on the purpose of better exploring the function of green producers in the closed aquatic biological life support system, the condition of dynamic O₂ evolution and performance of cyclic electron flow around photosystem I (CEF-PSI) in long-term ground batch culture of Euglena gracilis were studied, the relationship between linear electron flow (LEF) and CEF-PSI was revealed, the function of CEF-PSI was investigated. Excellent consistency in O₂ evolution pattern was observed in cultures grown in both closed and open containers, O₂ evolution was strictly suppressed in phase 1, but the rate of it increased significantly in phase 2. CEF-PSI was proposed to be active during the whole course of cultivation, even in the declining phase 3, it still operated at the extent of 47–55%. It is suggested that the relationship between LEF and CEF-PSI is not only competition but also reciprocity. CEF-PSI was proposed to contribute to the considerable growth in phase 1; it was also suggested to play an important protective role against photosystem II (PSII) photoinhibition at the greatly enhanced level (approximately 80–95%) on the 2nd day. Our results in this research suggest that E. gracilis had very particular photosynthetic characteristics, the strict O₂ evolution suppression in the initial culture phase might be a special light acclimation behavior, and CEF-PSI could be an important mechanism involved in this kind of adaptation to the changeable light environment.