Development process of muzzle flows including a gun-launched missile

Numerical investigations on the launch process of a gun-launched missile from the muzzle of a cannon to the free-flight stage have been performed in this paper. The dynamic overlapped grids approach are applied to dealing with the problems of a moving gun-launched missile. The high-resolution upwind scheme(AUSMPW+) and the detailed reaction kinetics model are adopted to solve the chemical non-equilibrium Euler equations for dynamic grids. The development process and flow field structure of muzzle flows including a gun-launched missile are discussed in detail.This present numerical study confirms that complicated transient phenomena exist in the shortly launching stages when the gun-launched missile moves from the muzzle of a cannon to the freeflight stage. The propellant gas flows, the initial environmental ambient air flows and the moving missile mutually couple and interact. A complete structure of flow field is formed at the launching stages, including the blast wave, base shock, reflected shock, incident shock, shear layer, primary vortex ring and triple point.     

An equivalent ground thermal test method for single-phase fluid loop space radiator

Thermal vacuum test is widely used for the ground validation of spacecraft thermal control system. However, the conduction and convection can be simulated in normal ground pressure environment completely. By the employment of pumped fluid loops’ thermal control technology on spacecraft, conduction and convection become the main heat transfer behavior between radiator and inside cabin. As long as the heat transfer behavior between radiator and outer space can be equivalently simulated in normal pressure, the thermal vacuum test can be substituted by the normal ground pressure thermal test. In this paper, an equivalent normal pressure thermal test method for the spacecraft single-phase fluid loop radiator is proposed. The heat radiation between radiator and outer space has been equivalently simulated by combination of a group of refrigerators and thermal electrical cooler(TEC) array. By adjusting the heat rejection of each device, the relationship between heat flux and surface temperature of the radiator can be maintained. To verify this method,a validating system has been built up and the experiments have been carried out. The results indicate that the proposed equivalent ground thermal test method can simulate the heat rejection performance of radiator correctly and the temperature error between in-orbit theory value and experiment result of the radiator is less than 0.5 C, except for the equipment startup period. This provides a potential method for the thermal test of space systems especially for extra-large spacecraft which employs single-phase fluid loop radiator as thermal control approach.     

吊挂系统对波瓣混合排气系统气动热力性能影响

为了明确短舱中吊挂系统的堵塞效应对波瓣混合排气系统气动热力性能的影响,采用数值模拟的方法对包含吊挂的混合排气系统进行了定量研究。研究结果表明,受吊挂系统的影响,在波瓣混合排气系统混合段内,存在着一大尺度的回流区,其作用范围随吊挂长度的增加而增加。在性能参数方面,与未考虑吊挂系统时相比,考虑吊挂之后,虽然混合排气系统出口处热混合效率以及推力系数下降很小,最大降幅仅分别为0.017和0.01,但总压恢复系数却显著下降,最大降幅达到了0.03。此外,随着吊挂系统长度的变化,排气系统出口处的热混合效率、总压恢复系数以及推力系数变化幅度小于0.01,变化很小。     

基于MATLAB/Simulink的飞机燃油箱内燃油温度仿真计算

燃油温度是飞机燃油箱可燃性评估的关键参数之一。为了研究飞机燃油箱内温度的分布规律及传热模型的正确性,采用MATLAB/Simulink软件平台搭建出了客机的燃油箱热仿真模型。在输入飞行实验所对应的的边界条件后,通过数值模拟获得燃油箱内部各计算节点处的燃油温度。结果表明,在三种不同的航行条件下,燃油箱热模型仿真结果均能较好地与飞行实验结果吻合,能够将计算误差控制在一定范围内。采用该燃油箱热模型进行热仿真数值模拟可以获得较为准确的飞机燃油箱热特性,能够在飞机设计阶段,用于对燃油箱结构以及内热源部件布置的优化。     

热障涂层氧化行为研究进展

综述了国内外粘接层氧化行为的研究进展,介绍了粘接层氧化动力学,热生长氧化物( TGO) 组

成、结构和形成规律,以及亚稳态Al2O3 向稳态Al2O3 的转变规律,分析了MCrAlY 粘接层及基体合金中的各种

元素对TGO 形貌和成分的影响,指出了深入研究粘接层氧化行为的方法以及热障涂层性能的改善措施。

     

考虑气体扩散渗透的隔热材料瞬态隔热性能数值模拟

高超声速飞行器机动飞行时环境压力变化导致隔热材料沿厚度方向存在压力梯度,进而引起隔
热材料内气体的扩散渗透,影响隔热材料隔热性能。为研究气体扩散渗透对隔热材料隔热性能的影响,建立了
隔热材料内气体扩散渗透模型,采用罗斯兰德近似、有限体积法建立了隔热材料内扩散渗透及辐射导热传热计
算模型,对气体扩散渗透条件下的瞬态隔热性能进行了数值模拟。算例模拟结果表明:对2 cm 厚纳米隔热材
料,在外界气压为0. 1 MPa,绝热面为真空的状况下,当渗透率大于10-14 m2 时,气体扩散渗透开始影响隔热材
料内传热,导致隔热性能降低,气体黏性系数对气体扩散渗透有显著影响,随着黏性系数降低,气体扩散渗流现
象显著;衰减系数对绝热面温度响应有显著影响,随着衰减系数增大,绝热面温度响应显著降低。     

Solar cycle and latitude dependence of high-beta suprathermal plasma conditions in interplanetary space between 1.3 and 5.4 AU

The analysis of energetic particles and magnetic field measurements from the Ulysses spacecraft has shown that in a series of events, the energy density contained in the suprathermal tail particle distribution is comparable to or larger than that of the magnetic field, creating conditions of high-beta plasma. In this work we analyze periods of high-beta suprathermal plasma occurrences (β_ep > 1) in interplanetary space, using the ratio (β_ep) of the energetic particle (20 keV to ∼5 MeV) and magnetic field energy densities from measurements covering the entire Ulysses mission lifetime (1990–2009) in order to reveal new or to reconfirm some recently defined interesting characteristics. The main key-results of the work are summarized as follows: (i) we verify that high-beta events are detected within well identified regions corresponding mainly to the vicinity of shock surfaces and magnetic structures, and associated with energetic particle intensity enhancements due to (a) reacceleration at shock-fronts and (b) unusually large magnetic field depressions. (ii) We define three considerable features for the high-beta events, concentrated on the next points: (a) there is an appreciable solar-activity influence on the high-beta events, during the maximum and middle solar-cycle phase, (b) the annual peak magnitude and the number of occurrences of high events are well correlated with the sunspot number, (c) the high-beta suprathermal plasma events present a spatial distribution in heliographic latitudes (HL) up to ∼±80°, and a specific important concentration on the low (−25° ? HL < −6°, 6° < HL ? 25°) and median (−45° ? HL < −25°, 25° < HL ? 45°) latitudes. We also reconfirm by a statistical analysis the results of Marhavilas and Sarris (2011), that the high-beta suprathermal plasma (β_ep > 1) events are characterized by a very large parameter β_ep (up to 1732.5), a great total duration (406 days) and a large percentage of the Ulysses-mission lifetime (which is equal to 6.34% of the total duration with usable measurements, and 11.3% of the duration in presence of suprathermal particles events).     

关于对喷水室热工计算公式的分析及修正

通过分析喷水室内水和空气之间的热质交换过程，指出目前采用的热工计算公式的不足，并在此基础上推导出喷水室热平衡方程新公式，对理论教学起到一定的指导作用。     

充气气囊减速方案的气动设计研究

减速是航天飞行器必须面对的问题。充气气囊减速方案利用柔性编织材料外加涂层方式构成气囊，利用气体发生器快速产生高压气体，集防热、减速和着陆减振功能于一体，重量轻、成本低、适用范围广、可靠性高。设计了满足减速需求的气囊外形，利用数值求解NS方程和工程计算方法进行了气动力的预测和比较分析，利用六自由度动力学模型与气动力的耦合计算，对减速效果进行了计算与分析，并对热环境、温度场、应力、热应力及变形进行了计算，还对分离不确定性进行了研究。地面引导性风洞试验和理论分析表明，充气气囊减速方案具有十分明确的减速效果和优点，可用于未来航天飞行器实现减速飞行目的的技术方案。