耐高温透波气凝胶复合材料性能

针对高马赫数飞行器中恶劣热环境对透波隔热材料的需求,采用溶胶-凝胶方法,以透波型石英纤维为增强体,通过超临界干燥及后处理制备透波二氧化硅气凝胶复合材料;并采用扫描电子显微镜、平板导热仪、石英灯辐射加热及万能电子试验机等手段对材料的微观形貌结构、隔热性能、耐温性及力学性能进行了表征。结果表明:二氧化硅透波气凝胶复合材料有良好的介电性能,介电常数在1.28~1.39可调、损耗角正切≤0.005;耐温性≥1 100℃、室温热导率≤0.02 W/(m·K);具有较好的力学性能,能保证飞行器在恶劣飞行环境中的通讯、遥测、制导等系统的正常工作。     

紫外光辐照对PBO纤维复合材料力学性能的影响

采用紫外光加速老化试验箱、材料试验机和DMA研究了紫外光辐照时间对PBO纤维复合材料性能的影响。研究结果表明:紫外光辐照导致PBO纤维复合材料的拉伸强度、弯曲强度以及层间剪切强度出现了一定程度的下降,但对复合材料的模量影响较小;经紫外光辐照一定时间后,PBO纤维复合材料的耐热性和刚性均有所提高,随着辐照时间增加,复合材料的E′和E″向低温方向移动,表明复合材料的耐热性和刚性又开始下降。     

水冷温度对TC4钛合金组织演变的影响

水冷温度影响TC4钛合金的组织形态与力学性能的变化.TC4钛合金固溶后缓慢冷却到3种不同温度.水冷后组织形态与力学性能的变化结果表明:当由900℃开始水冷时,α相在晶界形核,原始的β晶粒出现;当温度继续降低达700℃然后再水冷时,析出α相相对均匀细小,试样抗拉强度和硬度分别达到了最高值867MPa和HV5218;随着冷却温度的继续下降,β相逐渐析出α相,水冷温度越低,α相呈现为粗大的片层状,试样强度和硬度降低.     

HIT-J01 腻子的制备及性能

采用有机硅树脂掺杂无机粒子制备了一种耐高温腻子(HIT-J01),研究了其粘接性能、膨胀特性和抗热震性能。通过SEM及XRD分析了腻子的微观结构和相变化。结果表明:制备的腻子具有良好的粘接和抗热震性能,粘接C/Si C的单搭接剪切强度为5.5 MPa,1 200℃在线单搭接剪切强度1.8 MPa。腻子同基材C/Si C具有良好的热膨胀匹配性能。HIT-J01腻子在高温条件下生成的Al2O3·(B2O3)n融体。在风洞考核环境下,腻子封堵面平均温度高达1 200℃,最高温度达到1 400℃,风洞实验后,腻子表观平整、无裂纹。     

Dynamic simulation of breakaway characteristics of tethered aerostats

A tethered aerostat may break away due to the cable damage caused by abrasion or strong wind. In order to avoid losing the aerostat, the discharge valve will open automatically when the aerostat escapes into the air. It is necessary to know its breakaway characteristics because it is different from those of the launch process. This work develops the dynamic and thermal models for tethered aerostat breakaway characteristics with the finite difference method. Based on the developed models, a computer program in FORTRAN is developed. Then, the program is used to simulate tethered aerostat breakaway characteristics, including ascent and descent behaviors, flight altitude, flight duration, and the influence of the discharge valve characteristics, ascent velocity and hull volume on the hull overpressure. The simulation results are helpful for better understanding tethered aerostat breakaway characteristics and for developing tethered aerostat breakaway control strategies and systems.     

Evaluation of tensile properties of a compositemetal joint with a novel metal insert design by experimental and numerical methods

Composite-metal joints with a metal insert are one kind of connecting structure.In this paper,tensile experimental tests were carried out to investigate tensile properties of a composite metal joint with a novel metal insert design.Finite element models of the joint were established,and strain distribution and tensile strength were analyzed.The numerical results are in good agree ment with the experimental results.Results show that the joint failure is dominated by shear properties of the resin layer.Increasing the resin layer thickness in a certain range will improve the tensile strength of the joint,while increasing the radius of the fillet on the ending side of the metal insert will decrease the joint strength.Increasing the resin layer plasticity will improve the joint strength.The effect of the embedded depth of the metal insert can be ignored.     

NiCrBSi+Ni/MoS_2涂层在空间环境下的摩擦学性能

采用激光熔覆技术在TC4合金基体上制备了Ni Cr BSi+Ni/Mo S2复合涂层,考察了该复合涂层在真空、原子氧辐照环境下的表面形貌及元素变化。利用真空摩擦磨损试验机分别完成了干摩擦条件下2种环境的摩擦磨损性能测试。结果表明:Ni Cr BSi+Ni/Mo S2复合涂层经过原子氧辐照后,有部分元素被氧化及化合物分解的现象,但并没有发生明显的材料性能改变以及润滑涂层的破坏。与TC4合金相比,2种环境下该复合涂层均具有良好的润滑减摩效果,证明Ni Cr BSi+Ni/Mo S2复合涂层具有一定的抗原子氧辐照的能力。     

改性热固性酚醛树脂热熔胶膜成膜工艺及其性能

针对低成本且环保的热熔预浸工艺,研制一种满足热熔工艺成膜性和高耐热性要求的改性热固性酚醛树脂(MPF)胶膜。采用流变仪和差示扫描量热仪,对MPF的固化反应特性和凝胶特性进行分析,利用粘度预测函数,建立粘度-温度-时间的函数关系模型,预测胶膜树脂的低粘度平台,可指导热熔MPF胶膜的制备及成膜性能研究。为保证树脂充分浸渍纤维,热熔预浸工艺树脂浸润纤维预制体的温度应在95~135℃(粘度小于1 000 mPa·s)。热熔法MPF胶膜的成膜温度在75~95℃(粘度范围在1 000~3 000 mPa·s),75℃条件下,MPF低粘度保持时间可达到120 min。固化后的MPF在1 200℃的氮气气氛中,残炭率可达到65%。此类新型热熔法MPF可为其在高性能树脂基复合材料领域的应用提供参考。     

Ti-30Nb-1Mo-4Sn合金热机械处理过程中的相组成及力学性能演化

采用X射线衍射(XRD)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)观察和力学性能测试,系统研究了具有低弹性模量的亚稳β钛合金Ti-30Nb-1Mo-4Sn(wt%)在热机械处理过程中的相组成与力学性能演化。研究结果表明:固溶态合金具有较低的结构稳定性,拉伸过程中出现应力诱发马氏体相变,导致合金呈现较低的屈服强度;固溶态合金经时效处理后,由于缺乏异质形核点并且时效时间较短,第2相析出很少,其稳定性并没有明显提高,淬火的过程中仍然会发生马氏体相变,因此其屈服强度也不能得到显著提高。合金经冷轧变形后,晶粒显著细化并引入大量形变位错,大量的缺陷为α相析出提供了形核点,因此在时效处理时析出大量细小α强化相之后,合金的屈服强度和断裂强度显著提高。值得注意的是,冷轧态合金选择一个合适的退火温度(350℃),可以使时效处理后的强度达到最大值,进一步提高退火温度,发生再结晶,位错密度下降,导致合金强度剧烈下降。     

Experimental study on effect of inclination angles to ammonia pulsating heat pipe

In this paper, a novel study on performance of closed loop pulsating heat pipe（CLPHP）using ammonia as working fluid is experimented. The tested CLPHP, consisting of six turns, is fully made of quartz glass tubes with 6 mm outer diameter and 2 mm inner diameter. The filling ratio is50%. The visualization investigation is conducted to observe the oscillation and circulation flow in the CLPHP. In order to investigate the effects of inclination angles to thermal performance in the ammonia CLPHP, four case tests are studied. The trends of temperature fluctuation and thermal resistance as the input power increases at different inclination angles are highlighted. The results show that it is very easy to start up and circulate for the ammonia CLPHP at an inclining angle.The thermal resistance is low to 0.02 K/W, presenting that heat fluxes can be transferred from heating section to cooling section very quickly. It is found that the thermal resistance decreases as the inclination angle increases. At the horizontal operation, the ammonia CLPHP can be easy to start up at low input power, but hard to circulate. In this case, once the input power is high,the capillary tube in heating section will be burnt out, leading to worse thermal performance with high thermal resistance.