Influence of leading edge with real manufacturing error on aerodynamic performance of high subsonic compressor cascades

To investigate the influence of real leading-edge manufacturing error on aerodynamic performance of high subsonic compressor blades, a family of leading-edge manufacturing error data were obtained from measured compressor cascades. Considering the limited samples, the leading-edge angle and leading-edge radius distribution forms were evaluated by Shapiro-Wilk test and quantile–quantile plot. Their statistical characteristics provided can be introduced to later related researches. The parameterization design method B-spline and Bezier are adopted to create geometry models with manufacturing error based on leading-edge angle and leading-edge radius. The influence of real manufacturing error is quantified and analyzed by self-developed non-intrusive polynomial chaos and Sobol’ indices. The mechanism of leading-edge manufacturing error on aerodynamic performance is discussed. The results show that the total pressure loss coefficient is sensitive to the leading-edge manufacturing error compared with the static pressure ratio, especially at high incidence. Specifically, manufacturing error of the leading edge will influence the local flow acceleration and subsequently cause fluctuation of the downstream flow. The aerodynamic performance is sensitive to the manufacturing error of leading-edge radius at the design and negative incidences, while it is sensitive to the manufacturing error of leading-edge angle under the operation conditions with high incidences.     

涡轮平面叶栅非轴对称端壁优化设计

开发了一套造型灵活直观、网格生成速度快的涡轮平面叶栅非轴对称端壁优化设计工具,该工具的核心技术是非均匀有理B样条(NURBS)曲面造型和网格变形.在此基础上以商业软件Isight为优化驱动器,以CFX为求解器,搭建了非轴对称端壁优化设计流程.以Pack B涡轮平面叶栅为例,对其进行了非轴对称端壁优化设计.优化后涡轮平面叶栅总压损失系数减小了12.96%.结果表明:涡轮平面叶栅端部的静压分布改变削弱了涡轮平面叶栅通道中马蹄涡、通道涡的强度,提高了涡轮平面叶栅的气动性能.      

吸力面附面层抽吸在三维高负荷扩压叶栅中的作用机制

对某矩形高负荷扩压叶栅在不同弦向位置开设全叶高抽吸槽的5组方案进行了数值研究,分析了抽吸槽弦向位置等参数对抽吸量分布规律的影响;通过叶栅实验探究了局部展向抽吸方案的效果.数值仿真的计算域包含吸附叶片内部的真空腔,边界条件按照实验条件设置.研究发现:全叶高抽吸方案的抽吸量沿展向大致呈C型分布;叶高中部和端部的主要抽吸效果都体现在叶高中部流场,端部的抽吸量对叶栅角区的回流有一定的抑制效果.抽吸量沿展向的分布规律受叶栅流道和叶片内腔流场的共同作用,因此应根据三维高负荷扩压叶栅流场的具体特性对吸力面抽吸槽/孔进行细化设计.      

高负荷吸附式压气机叶栅数值与实验研究

针对无通道激波单纯由强逆压梯度诱导的附面层分离进行了吸附式数值与实验研究.研究对象为某大转折角高负荷吸附式压气机叶栅,利用准三维叶栅通道计算程序（MISES）进行抽吸流场数值模拟,在确定抽吸位置后进行了风洞实验验证.结果表明:抽吸后总压损失系数大幅度降低,对于单纯由强逆压梯度诱导的附面层分离,最佳抽吸位置应该位于附面层分离之后尚未充分发展之处;在确定抽吸位置时可以根据设计状态的分离状况进行;实际中需要的抽吸流量小于计算值;在数值计算中,具体的抽吸模型还有待进一步改进和修正,以使数值模拟更加准确.      

带围带的涡轮叶栅间隙泄漏流动与气动性能实验

针对叶型转折角为108.1°的涡轮直叶栅,利用低速风洞,实验研究了带围带和无围带情况下叶栅出口截面的流场结构和叶栅气动性能.研究了不同围带上腔间隙、不同来流冲角情况下叶栅出口截面二次流结构、气流角分布及总压损失系数变化情况.结果表明:相对无围带叶栅,围带能够有效控制叶顶间隙泄漏,降低叶栅气动损失;随着围带与上端壁之间高度的增大,泄漏流体增多,导致泄漏流体与主流掺混的气动损失增大.对于所研究的叶栅,围带与端壁间的间隙高度不应大于1%叶展.冲角变化影响叶栅中的三维涡系结构及其强度,对叶片吸力面静压分布影响较为明显.适当的正冲角能够改善流动状况,进而提高大转折角叶栅的气动性能.      

流动参数对合成射流控制叶栅流动分离的影响

采用大涡模拟方法、结构化网格建立了低压高负荷透平Pak B叶栅的非稳态数值分析模型,研究了不同流动参数对合成射流控制叶栅流动分离的影响.控制前随着雷诺数的减小和气流攻角的增大,叶栅流动分离区域变大,在气流攻角为5°下发生分离未在尾缘前再附的情况.合成射流控制后,不同流动参数下的流动分离都得到了有效的控制,并且在射流偏角为30°时,合成射流控制效果最好.合成射流使叶栅吸力面的流动分离位置推迟,再附位置前移,分离泡尺寸减小,叶栅吸力面的逆压梯度段缩短,吸力面边界层表面的剪切层在向下游迁移的过程中,没有发生充分的抬升,避免了大尺度涡旋的形成,并且很快地黏附于壁面,进而有效地控制了流动分离.      

Modified energy cascade model adapted for a multicrop Lunar greenhouse prototype

Models are required to accurately predict mass and energy balances in a bioregenerative life support system. A modified energy cascade model was used to predict outputs of a multi-crop (tomatoes, potatoes, lettuce and strawberries) Lunar greenhouse prototype. The model performance was evaluated against measured data obtained from several system closure experiments. The model predictions corresponded well to those obtained from experimental measurements for the overall system closure test period (five months), especially for biomass produced (0.7% underestimated), water consumption (0.3% overestimated) and condensate production (0.5% overestimated). However, the model was less accurate when the results were compared with data obtained from a shorter experimental time period, with 31%, 48% and 51% error for biomass uptake, water consumption, and condensate production, respectively, which were obtained under more complex crop production patterns (e.g. tall tomato plants covering part of the lettuce production zones). These results, together with a model sensitivity analysis highlighted the necessity of periodic characterization of the environmental parameters (e.g. light levels, air leakage) in the Lunar greenhouse.     

离心压气机级串列叶栅扩压器内流场的数值研究

对某一带串列叶栅扩压器的离心压气机级进行了数值模拟,分析了串列叶栅扩压器后排叶片不同周向位置对压气机级流动及性能的影响.结果表明:串列叶栅扩压器性能优于单列叶栅扩压器,其后排叶片在不同周向位置处效率和压比均优于单列叶栅扩压器,效率提高幅度能达到1.9%,压比的提高幅度为2.85%.串列扩压器分流叶片的周向位置对其内部流动情况有显著影响,两排叶片之间存在一个最佳位置使扩压器损失最小.串列叶栅扩压器的主要损失集中在50%叶高以上的区域.      

安装角对压气机叶栅气动噪声特性的影响

 基于大涡模拟(LES)和边界元方法对轴流压气机叶栅湍流流场以及流场诱导的噪声进行计算,在不同叶栅安装角下研究来流攻角和来流雷诺数对叶栅气动噪声产生、辐射的影响。研究表明:来流雷诺数不变时,同一安装角下,随着来流攻角从-5°~20°变化,叶栅监测曲线上的声压级先减小后增大,在0°来流攻角下声压级达到最小。安装角为45°时,外场总声压级随来流攻角的分布与30°安装角变化趋势相近。但安装角为60°时,总声压级的变化则明显变缓。在0°来流攻角下,总声压级比安装角为30°和45°时增加了近6 dB,但在其他正来流攻角下,变化并不明显。叶栅的最小声压值出现在弦线方向附近,安装角改变时,最小声压级出现的位置也不同。安装角不变,随着来流雷诺数的增大,叶栅表面的分离减小,损失降低。但叶栅表面的压力脉动随着来流雷诺数的增大而增大,使外场辐射噪声增加。     

高负荷压气机叶栅分离结构及其等离子体流动控制

 为揭示高负荷压气机叶栅内部流动损失的产生机理和分布规律以及等离子体气动激励的作用机制,利用拓扑分析和数值计算方法,从计算模型的建立与验证、基准流场的分离结构和等离子体流动控制3个方面展开研究;对总压损失系数分布、拓扑结构和表面流谱与空间流线分布以及旋涡结构进行分析,并开展了激励方式的优化分析.结果表明:随着攻角的增大,固壁面拓扑结构增加了3对奇点,吸力面流向激励改变了固壁面拓扑结构.当攻角为2°时,在吸力面拓扑结构中产生了一对奇点,打断了角区分离线,并引入了一条回流再附线.叶栅流道内部有5个主要涡系,尾缘径向对涡促进流体的展向流动,并成为吸力面倒流的主要组成部分;角涡是一个独立的涡系,其强度和尺度不受等离子体气动激励的影响.吸力面流向激励可以改善叶中流场,但对角区流动作用很小;端壁横向激励可以降低角区流动损失,对叶中流场作用有限;吸力面流向与端壁横向组合激励在整个叶高范围内均可以显著抑制流动分离;端壁横向流动对角区流动分离结构的影响大于吸力面附面层的分离.吸力面流向激励的优化明显降低,而端壁横向激励和组合激励的优化保持并增强了等离子体流动的控制效果.