基于人工势场法的月球表层采样装置避障规划

表层采样技术是获取地外天体土壤样品的重要手段,为在月表复杂地形、不确定着陆姿态、不规则器表包络约束下,快速获取安全的表层采样动态轨迹,文章根据四自由度表层采样装置设计,分析了工作过程中的正逆运动学关系;根据表层采样装置动、静态目标点运动要求,将约束空间分解为有效障碍检测区与不可达集,进行表层采样避障规划;为加快规划速度,针对表层采样装置瞬态构型构建了动态障碍检测区、动态不可达集;结合人工势场法提出了避障规划算法。对典型姿态下表层采样过程的避障规划仿真表明,该算法可实现约束条件下的表层采样轨迹规划,并对表层采样装置适应性设计提供支持。     

Introduction to Japanese exploration study to the moon

The Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA) views the lunar lander SELENE-2 as the successor to the SELENE mission. In this presentation, the mission objectives of SELENE-2 are shown together with the present design status of the spacecraft. JAXA launched the Kaguya (SELENE) lunar orbiter in September 2007, and the spacecraft observed the Moon and a couple of small satellites using 15 instruments. As the next step in lunar exploration, the lunar lander SELENE-2 is being considered. SELENE-2 will land on the lunar surface and perform in-situ scientific observations, environmental investigations, and research for future lunar utilization including human activity. At the same time, it will demonstrate key technologies for lunar and planetary exploration such as precise and safe landing, surface mobility, and overnight survival. The lander will carry laser altimeters, image sensors, and landing radars for precise and safe landing. Landing legs and a precisely controlled propulsion system will also be developed. A rover is being designed to be able to travel over a wide area and observe featured terrain using scientific instruments. Since some of the instruments require long-term observation on the lunar surface, technology for night survival over more than 2 weeks needs to be considered. The SELENE-2 technologies are expected to be one of the stepping stones towards future Japanese human activities on the moon and to expand the possibilities for deep space science.     

通讯用K波段20W空间行波管设计

文章介绍了K波段20W空间行波管的设计和测试情况.该行波管整管采用金属陶瓷封接结构、周期永磁聚焦、传导冷却、四级降压收集极、B J220标准波导输入输出,其主要参数为输出功率24W、增益≥45dB、总效率≥53％、相移＜40°.     

Surface latent heat flux anomalies quasi-synchronous with ionospheric disturbances before the 2007 Pu’er earthquake in China

One of various mechanisms of pre-earthquake lithosphere–atmosphere–ionosphere coupling as possible explanation of the seismo-ionospheric effects is connected with the release of latent heat. Abnormal variations of ionospheric electromagnetic parameters possibly related to the 2007 Ms 6.4 Pu’er earthquake in China were reported. This paper attempts to examine whether there were abnormal changes of surface latent heat flux (SLHF) linked with this pre-earthquake ionospheric disturbances. The spatio-temporal statistical analyzes of multi-years SLHF data from USA NCEP/NCAR Reanalysis Project reveal that local SLHF enhancements appeared 11, 10 and 7 days before the Pu’er earthquake, respectively. As contrasted to the formerly reported local ionospheric Ne enhancement 9 days before the shock observed by DEMETER satellite, it is discovered that the SLHF and Ne anomalies are quasi-synchronous and have good spatial correspondence with the epicentre and the local active faults. This is valuable for understanding the seismogenic coupling processes and for recognizing earthquake anomaly with multiple parameters from integrated Earth observation system.     

Hybrid method for crater detection based on topography reconstruction from optical images and the new LU78287GT catalogue of Lunar impact craters

Impact craters are ubiquitous and well-studied structures of high geological relevance on the surfaces of the Earth’s Moon, the terrestrial planets, the asteroids and the satellites of the outer planets. Therefore, it is not surprising that crater detection algorithms (CDAs) are one of the most studied subjects of image processing and analysis in lunar and planetary science. In this paper we are proposing a Hybrid CDA: a modified DEM (digital elevation map) reconstruction method used as a step in an existing CDA based on Hough transform. The new Hybrid CDA consists of: (1) reconstruction of topography from optical images using a shape from shading approach; (2) utilization of the DEM-based CDA; (3) correction of brightness and contrast of optical images used in order to be more suitable for evaluation of detections. An additional result of this work is a new method for evaluation of topography reconstruction algorithms, using a DEM-based CDA and an earlier approach for evaluation of CDAs. The new Hybrid CDA was tested using two Chandrayaan-1 Moon Mineralogy Mapper (M³) images and two excerpts of the Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter (LRO) Wide Angle Camera (WAC) global optical image mosaic. As a result, the number of craters inside these four regions increased considerably from 1754 (as available in the previous LU60645GT catalogue) to 19 396 craters (as available in the resulting new LU78287GT catalogue). This confirmed the practical applicability of the new Hybrid CDA, which can be used in order to considerably extend current crater catalogues.     

激光选区熔化制备钛合金点阵材料无损表征

通过激光选区熔化制备BCC和DOD结构的钛合金金属点阵,使用Micro–CT对两种结构的钛合金点阵材料进行扫描和三维重建。Micro–CT图像清晰地显示金属点阵内部结构,BCC和DOD单胞整齐地以周期性进行排列,且内部存在少量圆形、椭圆形缺陷。通过将实际样品三维数据与CATIA数模进行比对,发现钛合金点阵在制备过程中出现一定程度翘曲。此外使用共聚焦显微镜并基于Micro–CT图像对BCC和DOD两种金属点阵进行表面粗糙度测定。结果表明,Micro–CT在钛合金点阵材料内部结构、缺陷、制备误差、粗糙度测试等表征方面具有显著的应用价值。     

碳化材料三维烧蚀热响应有限元计算研究

针对碳化烧蚀热防护材料三维温度场计算问题进行了研究。采用弹簧松弛法模拟防热层表面后退运动,应用化学反应动力学模型描述材料内部热解过程,内部温度场计算模型考虑了防热材料的热传导、热解吸热、热解气体在碳化层内的流动以及热解气体与碳化层之间的热交换。对控制方程采用有限元方法进行离散,时间方向采用Newton-GMRES隐式迭代推进求解。将计算结果与经典程序的计算结果及实验数据进行了比对,初步验证了计算方法的可靠性,并通过球头算例展示了程序对三维问题的良好处理能力。     

粗糙度对涡轮叶片流动转捩及传热特性的影响

为研究表面粗糙度对涡轮叶片流动转捩以及传热特性的影响,在自行开发的CFD程序平台上提出了对γ-Re_θ转捩模型的粗糙度修正方法,并参考平板绕流和涡轮叶栅的实验数据对该方法进行验证。考虑粗糙度效应的影响,对Mark Ⅱ涡轮导叶5411工况进行数值模拟,得到如下结论:表面粗糙度对层流边界层换热系数影响不大,而对湍流边界层则有较大影响,进而显著改变壁面温度分布;与光滑壁面相比,5μm的等效沙粒粗糙度使吸力面湍流区域壁面温度升高约5.7K,100μm粗糙度使壁面温度升高28.4 K,增幅达5%左右;当壁面粗糙度较低时,激波干涉对吸力面边界层的转捩起主导作用,而当粗糙度大于某临界值时,其作用会使转捩位置突然变化,本算例中该临界值近似为150μm。      

基于权函数法的应力强度因子计算和断裂评估

仅利用一个参考载荷,建立一种近似公式来计算共线裂纹和中心裂纹的张开位移。通过该方法确定的裂纹面张开位移及其偏导与精确解之间吻合良好。该方法将中心裂纹的权函数计算模型简化为形状因子和裂纹面张开位移偏导之间的积分。基于权函数法,研究了带中心裂纹的旋转叶片的应力强度因子与裂纹长度、位置、转速及转动加速度之间的关系。结果发现:应力强度因子随着裂纹长度的增加和裂纹与旋转轴间距的减小而增大;转动加速度对应力强度因子的影响较小;转速的增大会使应力强度因子增大。在断裂力学理论的基础上,建立了断裂控制准则,计算表明叶片的临界转速随着裂纹长度的增加而降低。     

星载高精度环形网状天线设计方法

星载环形网状天线的质量小、型面几何精度好、结构刚度高,代表了现有大型可展开天线的先进水平。随着天线工作频率的不断提高,对型面精度提出了越来越高的要求。文章首先介绍了基于高精度环形天线组成和结构系统力学设计思想,讨论了实现高精度设计的基本原理。然后详细分析了高热稳定双层张力网对称设计方法和基于椭圆展开桁架的高精度设计方法,对称布局优化了网面系统的张力分布和系统刚度,能够提高网面抵抗热变形的能力。椭圆展开桁架保证了所有节点都在硬点上,能够提高系统的结构稳定性。椭圆结构有斜切和竖切两种方式,斜切方式实现了任意的角度旋转,所以能够选出较优的节点组合。