液氧/煤油高压补燃火箭发动机非线性稳态模型——考虑推进剂温升与密度变化

针对液氧／煤油高压补燃循环液体火箭发动机,考虑了推进剂供应系统中的温度与密度变化,推导建立了改进的简化非线性稳态特性数学模型。并通过数值模拟分析验证了该改进的非线性稳态模型可行性。     

适用于航空涡轮全三维设计的气动设计体系

建立了一种以考虑损失的多级三维无粘定常计算程序为主的设计体系 ,该体系考虑了多级透平工作中的变比热容和冷气掺混 ,叶列间参数传递处理上采用了 Rieman解和松弛因子提高程序的稳定性 ,在二维基准截面造型中采用了三次有理 B样条曲线成型 ,三维叶片积迭采用 Besier曲线生成母线。此设计体系同时依赖于一个损失估算体系 ,用来较准确地估算涡轮效率。设计实践证明该体系适用于现代涡轮的全三维设计     

我国货币政策调控功能缘何日益弱化

货币政策具有重要的金融宏观调控功能,但以商业银行体系对中央银行的资金依赖为前提。当前我国商业银行体系流动性过剩,货币政策的金融宏观调控功能已大打折扣。流动性过剩是长期历史趋势,货币政策的金融宏观调控功能已处于从“强有力”向“无能为力”的转化过程之中。货币政策要有效发挥金融宏观调控功能,必须改善货币政策赖以发挥作用的经济环境。     

Fluid and electrolyte alterations during prolonged hypokinesia

The physiological and biochemical systems that regulate the level of each electrolyte in blood and other endogenous fluids, and the balance between the consumption and loss of fluid and electrolytes and the total fluid and electrolyte content of the body are significantly affected during hypokinesia (HK; diminished movement). Among the known effects of HK, the fluid and electrolyte deficiency has drawn a great interest due to the higher fluid and electrolyte deficiency with higher than lower fluid and electrolyte consumption. The impossibility of the body to use fluid and electrolytes, after the fluid and electrolyte deficiency has been established, has drawn the greatest interest. The fluid shifting to the thoracic region and the daily body rehydration are considered as the most effective methods to counteract fluid and electrolyte changes. To this end, the objective of this review was to report some of the findings in the fluid and electrolyte deficiency and fluid and electrolyte loss with fluid and electrolyte deficiency during prolonged HK.     

直升机典型结构加速腐蚀试验方法研究

简要介绍了军用直升机的腐蚀现状及直升机结构加速腐蚀试验方法.对比分析了某型机典型试件中性+酸性盐雾试验及铜加速乙酸盐雾试验方法,探讨了铜加速腐蚀试验机理.试验结果显示:铜加速乙酸盐雾试验符合工况下腐蚀.     

一种保留几何及属性边界的网格简化方法

在实际应用领域,三维模型除包含由三角形网格构成的几何、拓扑信息外,还包含颜色、纹理、法矢量等属性信息,因此数据量较大,且不可避免地存在边界和孔洞.基于三角形折叠的方法,对误差矩阵的计算和误差控制方法进行了改进,并提出了几何及属性边界三角形的概念,给出了一种保留原始模型边界及属性信息的简化算法.该算法针对不同的边界情况将原始三角形网格划分为边界三角形、角点三角形、内部三角形及特征三角形,并采取相应的约束策略,在减小模型数据量的同时,较好地保留了边界和属性信息,并且生成递进网格文件,为包含属性的非封闭网格模型提供了连续多分辨率的模型重现.实验结果证明该方法快速有效,已成功应用于基于Web的三维递进传输和发布.      

非均匀笛卡尔坐标系网格优化频散相关保持格式研究

为克服传统频散相关保持格式 (即 DRP格式 )在数值求解非均匀网格问题时由于寄生波的产生而导致的数值不稳定的问题 ,Cheong &Lee提出了一种网格优化频散相关保持格式 (即 GODRP格式 )。根据其优化思想 ,在非均匀笛卡尔坐标系网格条件下 ,推导得到了更为通用的 GODRP格式优化系数公式。针对 Cheong&Lee文中算例比较不是在同一基准上进行的不足之处 ,设计了一个极端恶劣条件下的非均匀笛卡尔网格 ,采用 GODRP格式和 DRP格式分别求解了二维初始扰动波传播的算例。计算结果表明 ,由于 GODRP格式具有与网格相关的自带粘性 ,不用再另外加入人工粘性便可获得精度较高的数值结果 ,避免了传统 DRP格式在给定粘性时人为经验的影响因素。对于非均匀笛卡尔网格 ,GODRP格式确实比传统 DRP格式更加通用 ,并可以得到更为准确的数值模拟效果      

Thermal state calculation of chamber in small thrust liquid rocket engine for steady state pulsed mode

This paper presents a method of thermal state calculation of combustion chamber in small thrust liquid rocket engine. The goal is to predict the thermal state of chamber wall by using basic parameters of engine: thrust level, propellants, chamber pressure, injection pattern, film cooling parameters, material of wall and their coating, etc. The difficulties in modeling the startup and shutdown processes of thrusters lie in the fact that there are the conjugated physical processes occurring at various parameters for non-design conditions. A mathematical model to predict the thermal state of the combustion chamber for different engine operation modes is developed. To simulate the startup and shutdown processes, a quasi-steady approach is applied by replacing the transient process with time-variant operating parameters of steady-state processes. The mathematical model is based on several principles and data commonly used for heat transfer modeling: geometry of flow part, gas dynamics of flow, thermodynamics of propellants and combustion spices, convective and radiation heat flows, conjugated heat transfer between hot gas and wall, and transient approach for calculation of thermal state of construction. Calculations of the thermal state of the combustion chamber in single-turn-on mode show good convergence with the experimental results. The results of pulsed modes indicate a large temperature gradient on the internal wall surface of the chamber between pulses and the thermal state of the wall strongly depends on the pulse duration and the interval.     

Timing and sex effects on the “Spatial Orientation Test”: A World War II map reading test

The present study aimed to document the psychometric properties of a recently declassified map reading test used in World War II, known as the Spatial Orientation Test (SOT), which measures mostly the ability to match map and aerial images. We also examined the influence of timing conditions and sex of the participants as correlates of performance. A total of 101 participants (41 males, 60 females) completed the SOT, along with other spatial tests and spatial affect scales (tapping spatial anxiety and confidence). Results showed a significant male advantage on this rediscovered map reading test. Additionally, timing affected overall performance but not the magnitude of sex differences. Finally, significant correlations were found between the SOT and other spatial tests and scales. The processes underlying this test and its potential for future use are discussed.     

Three Dimensional Simulation of the Steady Solar Wind in Carrington Rotation 1935

A three-dimensional MHD simulation is conducted to study the steady solar wind in Carrington Rotation (CR) 1935 by using the three-dimensional numerical magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) model introduced by Feng et al. The numerical results demonstrate that the neutral current sheet has two peaks and two valleys, which is consistent with the result of PFSS model at Wilcox Solar Observatory (WSO). The obtained proton number density at 2.5 Rs is of the same order of magnitude as the result estimated from K-coronal brightness during the CRs 1733-1742 in 1983made by Wei et al. The radial velocity profile along heliocentric distance is consistent with that of low solar wind speed deduced by Sheeley and Wang et al. However, it is not able to reproduce the fast-speed flow in coronal holes and slow solar wind in streamers because of oversimplified energy equation adopted in our model. Future efforts must be made to remedy this deficiency.