旋转爆轰的三维数值模拟

旋转爆轰利用爆轰波在燃烧室的供气端传播,而爆轰产物从另一端排出。为了揭示其宏观特性,采用带化学反应的三维Euler方程,在贴体坐标系中,利用带限制函数的波传播算法,对圆环形燃烧室内的旋转爆轰进行了数值研究,讨论了爆轰传播过程中的波系结构。数值结果表明,即使仅在燃烧室内壁面的部分区域充入可燃气,爆轰波也能够以旋转方式在该区域稳定传播。     

基于激波控制的流体推力矢量喷管试验

以二元收扩喷管为对象,开展了基于二次流喷射的流体推力矢量技术研究。基于试验研究,得到了不同喷管落压比、不同的二次流总压比和不同的二次流喷射角度多种工况下的喷管上下壁面中心线压力分布规律以及喷管壁面油流分布图。通过对不同工况下参数变化规律分析,给出了基于二次流喷射的流体推力矢量喷管的主次流气动参数及几何参数对流体推力矢量喷管流场结构和性能影响的关联关系。从试验和分析结果可以看出,喷管落压比、二次流总压比和二次流喷射角度等喷管的主次流气动几何参数对基于流体推力矢量喷管参数变化有明显的影响。     

涡升力乘波体发展研究综述

乘波飞行器在高超声速具有良好的气动性能,但偏离设计状态,气动性能则难以保持。为在宽速域范围能一直维持较好的气动性能,研究人员利用定平面形状乘波设计的优势,提出“涡升力”乘波设计。本文将涡升力乘波体的设计方法归纳为基于吻切理论的定前缘型线法、基于激波装配法的波导体法和基于给定激波面的投影法三大类,综述了涡升力乘波体在宽速域气动特性的相关研究进展,并对涡升力乘波体的后续研究提出建议。     

内并联式TBCC进气道模态转换过程流动特性分析

针对组合动力(TBCC)进气道模态转换过程中出现的非定常气动现象,采用稳态/非稳态数值模拟方法对相关流动特性及其影响因素与流动机理开展了研究。结果表明：由涡轮发动机工作状态向冲压发动机工作模态转换过程中,进气道内出现结尾激波沿流向前后振荡现象,振荡频率约为130Hz;当冲压流道反压引起的激波未前传至模态转换分流板前时,冲压发动机工作状态对结尾激波振荡不产生影响。在相同的发动机工作状态下,随着模态转换速度的增加,结尾激波振荡频率逐渐增大。文中研究的进气道内结尾激波振荡现象可通过亚声速管道内波的传播理论进行解释和分析。     

一类抗冲击载荷的新型橡胶减振器

针对某惯测装置冲击环境恶劣的问题,采用理论分析和有限元模拟相结合的方法,研制了能同时兼顾缓冲和阻尼减振的减振器.试验表明,研制的新型橡胶减振器使惯性测量装置的冲击响应由100 g下降到30.3 g,同时兼有阻尼减振效果.     

蜂窝结构吸波材料的斜入射电磁吸波特性研究

为分析蜂窝结构吸波材料在电磁波斜入射条件下的反射特性,首先基于长波长近似条件下的强扰动理论,得到蜂窝结构吸波材料的等效电磁参数;再利用各向异性分层介质条件下的横向场传播的本征波解,推导出蜂窝结构吸波材料对斜入射电磁波的反射系数公式;进而得到蜂窝结构吸波材料的反射率随入射角的变化关系。反射率的计算结果表明：在特定入射角情况下,对于不同的蜂窝高度,吸收剂存在最优厚度,可使其反射率最小。研究结果对蜂窝结构吸波材料的优化设计具有一定意义。     

Height of shock formation in the solar corona inferred from observations of type II radio bursts and coronal mass ejections

Employing coronagraphic and EUV observations close to the solar surface made by the Solar Terrestrial Relations Observatory (STEREO) mission, we determined the heliocentric distance of coronal mass ejections (CMEs) at the starting time of associated metric type II bursts. We used the wave diameter and leading edge methods and measured the CME heights for a set of 32 metric type II bursts from solar cycle 24. We minimized the projection effects by making the measurements from a view that is roughly orthogonal to the direction of the ejection. We also chose image frames close to the onset times of the type II bursts, so no extrapolation was necessary. We found that the CMEs were located in the heliocentric distance range from 1.20 to 1.93 solar radii (Rs), with mean and median values of 1.43 and 1.38 Rs, respectively. We conclusively find that the shock formation can occur at heights substantially below 1.5 Rs. In a few cases, the CME height at type II onset was close to 2 Rs. In these cases, the starting frequency of the type II bursts was very low, in the range 25–40 MHz, which confirms that the shock can also form at larger heights. The starting frequencies of metric type II bursts have a weak correlation with the measured CME/shock heights and are consistent with the rapid decline of density with height in the inner corona.     

出口封闭的冲压发动机进气道激波振荡现象

采用计算流体力学和风洞试验两种手段,对冲压发动机出口封闭的多种超声速进气道内通道气流振荡现象进行了研究。结果表明,在一定的超声速范围内,封闭的进气道内通道发生了较强气流振荡现象,振荡频率、幅值和内通道长度、飞行马赫数有关,该振荡现象是一种自激振荡现象。利用亥姆霍兹共振器频率公式可以对封闭的进气道内通道振荡频率进行预估,并对其归纳出一种修正方法,可以结合模型试验结果对进气道和燃烧室内流振荡频率和幅值进行分析,为飞行试验提供预估和参考。     

The photometric study of light scattering from the surface of alumina powder and interpretations by Hapke formula

A laboratory experiment helps to understand the light scattering property of regolith like samples with known compositions and other physical parameters. The laboratory data so obtained can be compared with the existing in situ data on celestial objects like asteroids. Further, it may be analyzed with the help of various theoretical models to understand the light scattering processes from regolith more clearly. In this work we have performed laboratory based photometry of the light scattered from the surfaces of powdered alumina (Al₂O₃) at various tilt angles of the sample and at large phase angles, with the particles having diameter 0.3 μm. The wavelength of observation was 632.8 nm. These data have been fitted by a surface scattering model originally suggested by Hapke. Instead of using empirical Henyey–Greenstein phase function to fix the values of albedo and phase function to be used within Hapke formula, we have used Mie theory for the same. This approach helped us to determine the single particle properties such as particle diameter and complex refractive index from surface scattering phase curve alone. Mie theory depends only on the size parameter X(=2π(radius/wavelength)) and complex refractive index (n, k) of the material. Since the absorption coefficient (k) for alumina is known to be very low but not exactly zero, the best fit to the experimental data was obtained by least square technique with k as a free parameter, as the other parameters are known. Finally, we compare our results with other published results and discuss the scope of application of the method we adopted.     

红外反射材料In（Sn）2O3（ITO）的微波吸收性能

测试7.7vol%和15.8vol%In(Sn)2O3(ITO)/石蜡在2~18GHz的介电谱。测定10vol%和20vol%In(Sn)2O3(ITO)/环氧树脂在2~8GHz的反射率。结果显示,ITO材料具有很好的介电损耗。当涂层厚度d=3mm时,两种涂层分别在4.51GHz和6.27GHz有-10.5dB和-14dB的反射率。理论值显示,15.8vol%ITO/石蜡复合材料在4.56~11GHz的反射率低于-10dB,有好的吸波性能。同时分析ITO的介电损耗机理。