带尾缘劈缝冷气喷射的涡轮叶栅性能实验及计算

通过平面叶栅实验和CFD数值计算方法,研究了叶片尾缘全劈缝冷气喷射下涡轮叶栅流场和气动性能。试验和计算发现,在冷气喷射条件下用不同损失系数描述涡轮叶栅性能,结论明显不同,用考虑冷气能量的能量损失系数评价气冷涡轮叶栅性能较为准确和客观。在较小的冷气流量下,劈缝冷气喷射使叶栅能量损失降低,尾缘劈缝冷气喷射可改善近尾迹区域的流动,减小尾迹亏损,降低尾迹掺混损失。尾缘劈缝冷气射流方向偏向叶片某型面,则尾迹损失峰值朝此型面偏移。     

基于元胞传输模型的实时交通信息设计

随着智能交通技术的发展,可变信息标志(VMS,Variable Message Signs)被广泛应用于动态交通管理中.元胞传输模型(CTM,Cell Transmission Model)可以很好地模拟交通流激波、排队形成与消散等交通流动力学特性.提出一种新的基于CTM的路径行驶时间计算方法,并使用LOGIT原则计算路径选择概率,针对重复性拥挤和非重复性拥挤2种交通状况,分析了VMS对交通流的影响.数值模拟结果表明,理论模型能够合理反映现实的交通状况:发生重复性拥挤时,VMS能够合理疏导人们的出行,减缓交通拥挤;而发生非重复性拥挤时,VMS对高需求和低需求情形下的交通流影响相似,但在高需求情形下,路径选择对模型参数的敏感区很小.      

乘波飞行器气动力、热特性的数值模拟研究

采用多块分区网格以及并行计算技术对给定乘波构形的高超声速飞行器进行了数值模 拟,分析了飞行器前缘小半径钝化对飞行器气动性能的影响,计算了前缘钝化后飞行器表面 的热流分布状况。结果表明,前缘钝化对飞行器的升力影响不大,对阻力和升阻比的影响较 大。对于曲率半径为1cm的钝化前缘,与原尖前缘飞行器相比,其升力降低了0.78％,阻 力增加6.96％,升阻比下降7.21％。前缘钝化后,乘波飞行器仍具有较好的气动性能, 飞行器前机身可为发动机提供比较均匀的气流,飞行器整体仍基本保持了乘波的状态,热流 主要集中在飞行器前缘上。为了有效防热,需要采用主动式冷却技术。     

双并联前向神经网络及其在飞行故障检测仿真研究中的应用

首次把飞行故障检测视为一个非线性数据分类问题,从而可望借助人工神经网络来处理。为了克服ＭＬＦＮＮ在数据分类中存在的学习慢与分类精度低,发展了由ＭＬＦＮＮ和ＳＬＦＮＮ并联并可接收编码输入的ＤＰＦＮＮ模型,还将训练ＭＬＰ的有关算法推广到ＤＰＦＮＮ情形。用计算机仿真了若干飞行故障模式并用于测试ＤＰＦＮＮ。     

软式加油过程中软管鞭打现象数值模拟研究

对空中加油过程中软管锥套系统产生的鞭打现象进行了数值模拟.流场计算中的空间离散采用Osher格式,紊流模型采用S-A一方程模型;运用“刚杆-球铰”模型离散方法对软管锥套系统建模,建立了软管多体系统模型并推导其运动控制方程;采用一类基于相邻单元搜索算法,通过搜寻软管节点所在加油机尾流场网格的宿主单元,建立软管微段气动力与流场的联系.运用方法对软管锥套系统的动态特性进行了仿真,结果与国内外飞行试验结果相吻合.     

Modelling particle transport with stochastic simulations

We use stochastic simulations to calculate the evolution of particle distributions in complex situations. Comparison of numerical and analytical solutions is made, for the case of electrons moving from the corona to the chromosphere and undergoing pure scattering. A temporally fragmented beam injection is treated, under various atmospheric conditions.     

Autonomous Navigation for the Deep Impact Mission Encounter with Comet Tempel 1

The engineering goal of the Deep Impact mission is to impact comet Tempel 1 on July 4, 2005, with a 370 kg active Impactor spacecraft (s/c). The impact velocity will be just over 10 km/s and is expected to excavate a crater approximately 20 m deep and 100 m wide. The Impactor s/c will be delivered to the vicinity of Tempel 1 by the Flyby s/c, which is also the key observing platform for the event. Following Impactor release, the Flyby will change course to pass the nucleus at an altitude of 500 km and at the same time slow down in order to allow approximately 800 s of observation of the impact event, ejecta plume expansion, and crater formation. Deep Impact will use the autonomous optical navigation (AutoNav) software system to guide the Impactor s/c to intercept the nucleus of Tempel 1 at a location that is illuminated and viewable from the Flyby. The Flyby s/c uses identical software to determine its comet-relative trajectory and provide the attitude determination and control system (ADCS) with the relative position information necessary to point the High Resolution Imager (HRI) and Medium Resolution Imager (MRI) instruments at the impact site during the encounter. This paper describes the Impactor s/c autonomous targeting design and the Flyby s/c autonomous tracking design, including image processing and navigation (trajectory estimation and maneuver computation). We also discuss the analysis that led to the current design, the expected system performance as compared to the key mission requirements and the sensitivity to various s/c subsystems and Tempel 1 environmental factors.     

雷暴电场对LHAASO探测面宇宙线次级粒子能量的影响

采用Monte Carlo方法，通过模拟研究了不同强度雷暴电场对LHAASO探测面宇宙线次级电子能量的影响.在电场作用下，电子的能量分布发生了变化.在低能段总电子数目增加明显，而在高能段电场的影响不明显.当电场强度为1700V·cm-1（大于逃逸电场）时，能量<120MeV的电子被加速，能量<60MeV的总电子数目呈指数增长（增幅高达约2252%），雷暴电场对次级粒子的加速机制与相对论电子逃逸雪崩机制（RREA）相符.当电场强度为1000V·cm-1（小于逃逸电场）时，能量<70MeV的电子被加速，其数目明显增加，但是增幅（约86%）远小于逃逸电场时的幅度.对电场强度小于逃逸电场时的雷暴电场加速宇宙线次级粒子的物理机制进行了讨论.研究结果可为理解LHAASO实验数据特点以及研究雷暴期间宇宙线强度的变化等提供参考.      

Impact of a novel hybrid accelerometer on satellite gravimetry performance

The state-of-the-art electrostatic accelerometers (EA) used for the retrieval of non-gravitational forces acting on a satellite constitute a core component of every dedicated gravity field mission. However, due to their difficult-to-control thermal drift in the low observation frequencies, they are also one of the most limiting factors of the achievable performance of gravity recovery. Recently, a hybrid accelerometer consisting of a regular EA and a novel cold atom interferometer (CAI) that features a time-invariant observation stability and constantly recalibrates the EA has been developed in order to remedy this major drawback. In this paper we aim to assess the value of the hybrid accelerometer for gravity field retrieval in the context of GRACE-type and Bender-type missions by means of numerical closed-loop simulations where possible noise specifications of the novel instrument are considered and different components of the Earth’s gravity field signal are added subsequently. It is shown that the quality of the gravity field solutions is mainly dependent on the CAI’s measurement accuracy. While a low CAI performance (10^?8 to 10^?9?m/s²/Hz^1/2) does not lead to any gains compared to a stand-alone EA, a sufficiently high one (10^?11?m/s²/Hz^1/2) may improve the retrieval performance by over one order of magnitude. We also show that improvements which are limited to low-frequency observations may even propagate into high spherical harmonic degrees. Further, the accelerometer performance seems to play a less prominent role if the overall observation geometry is improved as it is the case for a Bender-type mission. The impact of the accelerometer measurements diminishes further when temporal variations of the gravity field are introduced, pointing out the need for proper de-aliasing techniques. An additional study reveals that the hybrid accelerometer is – contrary to a stand-alone EA – widely unaffected by scale factor instabilities.