基于时间谱方法的飞行器动导数高效计算技术

针对动导数计算工程应用亟需的高效、高精度发展目标,提出求解非定常雷诺平均Navier-Stokes(RANS)方程的时间谱方法(TSM)的全隐格式,以改善采样点数较大时的数值稳定性,并将TSM离散推广到Menter剪切应力输运(SST)湍流模型,以提高TSM的工程实用性。将TSM应用于数值模拟NACA0015强迫振荡,所得计算结果与试验数据和双时间步(DTS)方法的计算结果均能较好地吻合,验证了TSM对周期运动的模拟能力。采用发展的TSM对高超声速HBS标模和超声速Finner标模进行计算,并分析研究攻角和马赫数对动导数的影响规律。结果表明:对于周期运动,具有与DTS方法相当的计算精度,但TSM的计算效率会随来流马赫数的增大而提高,其效率优势在高超声速范围时可达一个量级以上。     

入口流动参数脉动对燃气轮机燃烧室燃烧不稳定的影响

通过均匀搅拌器(PSR)模型研究了某型燃气轮机燃烧室入口流动参数脉动对燃烧不稳定的影响.研究结果表明:对于贫预混燃烧室(燃烧室工作在较低的入口当量比下)来说,当入口温度、入口气体流量和入口当量比的相对脉动幅值相同时,入口当量比的脉动对燃烧不稳定性的影响最大,其次是入口气体流量,而入口温度的脉动对燃烧不稳定性的影响相对较小.      

水下固体火箭发动机垂直气体射流结构和推力影响研究

为了探究高背压水介质条件下,固体火箭发动机垂直气体射流在浮力影响下的流场结构和发动机推力特点,建立了轴对称几何模型,在考虑有/无浮力的条件下,采用VOF(Volume of Fluid)多相流模型进行气体-水两相耦合仿真计算,获取尾流气体射流流场结构,以及发动机尾部壁面受力和推力振荡曲线进行分析。研究结果表明,考虑浮力的仿真结果更加符合试验结果;射流动量段气体的马赫数分布会导致喷管出口附近的气-水界面产生周期性胀鼓-颈缩,从而引起尾部空间背压振荡,在设计工况下,尾部压力变化范围为环境水深压强的0.327到2.43倍;背压振荡将引起尾壁面受力振荡和推力振荡,振荡频率为736.89Hz;气体射流喷出过程中,气-水界面由速度梯度主导的开尔文-亥姆赫兹（K-H）不稳定性逐渐转变为由重力和浮力主导的瑞利-泰勒（R-T）不稳定性。     

同轴离心式喷嘴燃烧稳定性裕度评估

为评估同轴离心式喷嘴燃烧稳定性裕度,开展了两种不同缩进长度喷嘴的稳定性试验研究。试验中燃料流量不变,逐步增加氧化剂流量,两种喷嘴在相同的混合比（2.28）发生振荡燃烧,均对应燃烧器第二阶纵向声模态频率。喷嘴A（缩进长度8.5mm）和喷嘴B（缩进长度12.5mm）最高振荡幅值对应的混合比分别为2.28和2.81。基于二阶非线性耦合振子模型,利用喷嘴稳定燃烧阶段的压力数据,分别从频域和时域识别系统衰减系数,发现两种方法得到的衰减系数在数量上一致,验证了两种分析方法的等价性。喷嘴A在不稳定发生前衰减系数突然增大,喷嘴B衰减系数呈递减趋势,不稳定发生时降到0.03以下,说明衰减系数可以评估喷嘴的稳定性裕度,但需要考虑噪声相干共振等非线性现象的影响。     

尺度效应下均压槽结构对空气静压轴承自激振动的影响

空气静压轴承表面的均压槽结构能有效提高轴承的承载特性,但气膜内由于湍动能变化引发流场振动,形成非线性的自激涡振,影响系统的动态稳定性.为了提高空气轴承的稳定性,基于静压气体润滑理论和稀薄气体动力学基本原理,建立空气静压轴承的气膜流场数学模型;通过数值模拟和实验测试相结合,分析了直槽、环槽、复合均压槽在不同均压槽截面形状...     

节流通道振动对流动振荡的数值模拟研究

在由于超燃冲压发动机空间狭小,经常通过测量节流结构的压差来反算燃料流量。然而,我们在实验中发现渐缩渐扩结构通道在振动环境中会引起燃料的流动振荡现象,具体体现在喉部两端压差发生周期性变化,导致流量测量出现偏差,甚至会导致传热恶化和结构的损坏。为了了解流动振荡的机制,我们建立了渐缩渐扩通道的三维模型,并通过实验数据进行了验证。本文分析了振动环境下渐缩渐扩通道中流体动力学特性,研究了不同条件下稳定流场和非稳定流场,分析了雷诺数和振动强度对流动振荡的影响。研究表明,管道振动方向和流动方向一致时,导致流动分离区域和主流区域周期性的运动,从而导致流动振荡现象。流体雷诺数、振动强度和振动频率会影响流动分离区域的运动,从而影响到流动振荡。本文解释了振动环境下的渐缩渐扩管道的流动振荡现象,为流量计的设计提够了理论指导。     

Response of the mesopause temperatures to solar activity over Yakutia in 1999–2013

OH(6-2) rotational temperature trends and solar cycle effects are studied. Observations were carried out at the Maimaga station (63.04°N, 129.51°E) for the period August 1999 to March 2013. Measurements were conducted with an infrared spectrograph. Temperatures were determined from intensity ratios in the P branch of the OH band. The monthly average residuals of temperature after the subtraction of the mean seasonal variation were used for a search for the solar component of temperature response. The dependence of temperatures on solar activity has been investigated using the Ottawa 10.7 cm flux as a proxy. A linear regression fitting on residual temperatures yields a solar cycle coefficient of 4.24 ± 1.39 K/100 solar flux units (SFU). The cross-correlation analyses showed that changes of the residual temperature follow changes of solar activity with a quasi-two year delay (25 months). The temperature response at the delay of 25 months reaches 7 K/100 SFU. The possible reason of the observed delay can be an influence of quasi-biennial oscillations (QBO) of the atmosphere on the relation of temperature and solar activity. The value of the temperature trend after the subtraction of seasonal and solar components is not statistically significant.     

基于人工黏性的二维激波小波多尺度数值计算

基于自适应小波配点法和人工黏性，构造了二维激波问题的小波数值计算格式。利用最细尺度的小波系数构造两组激波定位函数，分别用以控制两个正交方向人工黏性的大小和分布。对三类二维激波问题进行计算和验证，结果表明：自适应小波配点法利用小波阈值滤波删除变化平缓区域大量网格点，而保留变化急剧区域的网格点，比传统方法计算效率高，且分辨率越高，计算效率更高；利用最细层小波系数构建的幂函数形式的激波定位函数能准确判断激波位置和控制X、Y方向人工黏性的大小和分布，从而捕捉不同方向和不同强度的激波。     

Experimental study on drilling basalt with self-vibratory drilling head

Based on the goal of improving the rock breaking ability when drilling asteroid rock samples under limited energy conditions, this paper proposes a method of drilling rock using self-vibratory drilling head and develops a small self-vibratory drilling head for drilling rock. In order to analyze the dynamic characteristics of drilling rock with self-vibratory drilling head, a rock model hypothesis that the rock consists of a series of micro-segment uniform continuous media is put forward. Base on the hypothesis, the model of drilling rock is constructed, the stability lobes diagram of self-vibratory drilling head drilling basalt is plotted, and the energy mechanism of drilling rock system with self-vibratory drilling head is discussed. The comparison tests of drilling basalt by three kinds of self-vibratory drilling head with different spring stiffness and the conventional method are carried out. The rotational speed is a variable in the comparative tests. The test results show that under the specific rotational speed and spring stiffness, self-excited vibration is produced in self-vibratory drilling head drilling basalt. When self-excited vibration drilling is conducted, although the amplitude fluctuation range of the drilling thrust force is wider than that of conventional drilling, the average drilling thrust force is smaller than the conventional drilling. The amplitude of drilling thrust force increases with an increase in spring stiffness. The method of drilling rock by self-vibratory drilling head is proved to be a potential method for viable drilling of asteroid rock samples.     

环路热管温度波动现象的实验分析

对实验中观察到的环路热管温度波动现象进行了描述和解释.实验发现,较小热载荷和较大热载荷下环路热管容易出现温度波动现象.对于蒸发器充满液体的启动情况,小热载荷启动容易出现毛细芯内的工质蒸发现象,芯内蒸发继而引起冷凝器入口处的温度波动,并且最终导致可变热导区的稳态工作温度偏高.冷凝器出口处的温度波动现象产生的原因是工质充装量和储液器容积的不匹配,冷凝器出口的温度波动可以通过对工质充装量的控制来避免.