Analysis of crack opening stresses for center- and edge-crack tension specimens

Accurate determination of crack opening stress is of central importance to fatigue crack growth analysis and life prediction based on the crack-closure model. This paper studies the crack opening behavior for center- and edge-crack tension specimens. It is found that the crack opening stress is affected by the crack tip element. By taking the crack tip element into account, a modified crack opening stress equation is given for the center-crack tension specimen. Crack surface displace- ment equations for an edge crack in a semi-infinite plate under remote uniform tension and partially distributed pressure are derived by using the weight function method. Based on these displacements, a crack opening stress equation for an edge crack in a semi-infinite plate under uniform tension has been developed. The study shows that the crack opening stress is geometry-dependent, and the weight function method provides an effective and reliable tool to deal with such geometry depen- dence.     

基于轮廓法测试铝合金拉弯成形残余应力研究

以2026-T3511铝合金T形结构件的拉弯成形件为研究对象,首先采用线切割将T形结构件分割成两块具有T形截面的试样,然后基于轮廓法测试应力原理应用激光位移传感器分别测试两个分割截面的轮廓变化,进而将两个截面的测量值拟合平均后与有限元模型结合以计算该试样的初始残余应力,从而获得该T形结构件的横截面法向应力并分析其分布特征。研究结果表明,基于轮廓法测得的应力分布与有限元仿真结果分布规律相近:峰值压应力为60MPa,峰值拉应力为40MPa;轮廓法在航空结构件应力测试中能够准确地获得其他测试方法无法获得的横截面完整的应力分布。     

弹塑性梯度材料热机耦合分析的有限元方法

陶瓷/金属功能梯度材料(FGMs)的组份及性能梯度分布,在航空航天高温热结构中有重要应用。材料性能在空间上的连续变化给这类结构强度设计的有限元分析造成了一定困难,针对上述问题,提出一种热弹塑性梯度有限元方法。该方法通过编写有限元软件ABAQUS的材料用户子程序(UMAT)来实现,在UMAT中将FGMs的弹塑性本构模型参数定义为空间坐标的函数;用热弹塑性梯度有限元方法对陶瓷-FGMs-金属典型的三明治板结构进行热机械分析。结果表明:FGMs组分布函数对其热应力分布有很大的影响,特别是在三明治结构的界面上,影响更为突出,这和现有文献的实验结果相符。     

热障涂层残余应力的相移云纹法测试

本文针对的热障涂层（ＴＢＣ）的细微结构和微小变形特点,提出了一种新的高精度的相移云纹图像处理实验技术,把它同释放法相结合,利用高温云纹光栅,对电子束—物理气相沉积（ＥＢ－ＰＶＤ）热障涂层的残余应力分布进行了测试研究,并与其它方法进行了比较分析。     

X射线衍射法测量残余应力的相对误差及不确定度评定

利用原位拉伸机进行单轴连续加载,对X射线法测量钛合金残余应力的应力增量进行验证;依据JJF 1059.1-2012标准,对钛合金高应力标样(-659±35)MPa的测量不确定度进行评定。结果表明,X射线衍射法测得残余应力的增量与理论计算应力增量有较好的一致性,随着应力水平的增加,应力增量的相对误差保持在11%以内。以测量重复性、应力常数K、应力因子M为不确定度分量对测量不确定度进行了评定,所得扩展不确定度为±32 MPa。     

Investigation on surface roughness,residual stress and fatigue property of milling in-situ TiB2/7050Al metal matrix composites

For higher efficiency and precision manufacturing, more and more attentions are focused on the surface roughness and residual stress of machined parts to obtain a good fatigue life. At present, the in-situ TiB₂/7050Al metal matrix composites are widely researched due to its attractive properties such as low density, good wear resistance and improved strength. It is of great significance to investigate the machined surface roughness, residual stress and fatigue life for higher efficiency and precision manufacturing of this new kind material. In this study, the surface roughness including two-dimensional and three-dimensional roughness, residual stress and fatigue life of milling in-situ TiB₂/7050Al metal matrix composites were analyzed. It was found from comparative investigation that the three-dimensional surface roughness would be more appropriate to represent the machined surface profile of milling particle reinforced metal matrix composites. The cutting temperature played a great role on the residual stress. However, the effect of increasing cutting force could slow down the transformation from compressive stress to tensile stress under 270 °C. An exponential relationship between three-dimensional roughness and fatigue life was established and the main fracture mechanism was brittle fracture with observation of obvious shellfish veins, river pattern veins and wave shaped veins in fracture surface.     

7085铝合金残余应力及加工变形的数值仿真与试验

毛坯残余应力的测量以及零件的加工变形分析是航空整体结构件数控加工工艺研究的难题。应用MSC.Marc软件对某型飞机主起支撑接头的7085铝合金锻件毛坯的淬火-压缩工艺进行了数值仿真,获得了毛坯残余应力分布趋势;应用X射线衍射法与钻孔法测量了毛坯表层残余应力分布,提出了基于系数修正法的毛坯残余应力分析方法,通过最小二乘法（LSM）拟合仿真值与试验值以获得应力修正系数,并对毛坯残余应力分布的仿真结果进行修正,获得了实际毛坯的残余应力分布;由此进行了主起支撑接头缩比零件加工变形仿真与验证试验。研究结果表明：7085铝合金块状毛坯残余应力数值仿真结果与测试结果的趋势吻合,为应力修正提供了物理基础;相对于未修正的应力分布,基于修正后的应力分布仿真获得的变形结果精度提高了50%;7085-T7452铝合金的毛坯残余应力是导致主起支撑接头加工变形的主要因素。     

橡胶O形圈密封结构的有限元分析

建立固体火箭发动机的橡胶O形圈的二维轴对称模型,采用非线性有限元方法计算了O形橡胶圈在库存和工作状态的变形及应力,分析了上下法兰张开间隙、初始压缩量、密封槽口及槽底倒角半径、密封槽宽、密封圈材料、O形圈截面尺寸及工作温度等典型参数对密封性能的影响:上下法兰张开间隙、密封圈的初始压缩率、密封圈材料等典型参数对最大接触压应力影响较大,而密封槽槽口和槽底处倒角对剪切应力影响明显.这些分析为密封结构的优化设计打下了基础;同时探讨O形圈应力分布规律,确定密封圈易受损和失效关键部位,初步确立了固体火箭发动机密封失效准则和失效模式.     

基于剩余强度分析的民用飞机发动机非包容性损坏下机体结构安全性评估技术研究 安全性评估技术研

在总结大型民用飞机非包容性损坏下机体结构安全性评估方法的基础上,基于转子碎片无限能量的假设,分析了发动机各级转子非包容性损伤碎片对民用飞机机体结构和吊挂的损伤区域和量化分析方法,建立了非包容性损坏下机体结构的有限元模型,跟梁理论、板壳理论结合有限元分析结果总结了适用于民用大型飞机结构的强度校核方法和安全性评估途径,对非包容性损坏下机体结构的安全性评估技术进行了总结,并结合实例进行了说明。分析结果表明,此方法能够对结构进行有效评估。     

GPS/INS超紧耦合方法及其应用分析

超紧耦合是GPS/INS组合导航系统的最新研究方向,它采用INS测得的载体动态信息辅助GPS接收机跟踪环路,消除卫星信号中由于载体与卫星之间相对运动所产生的频率偏移,提高接收机在高动态环境下载波跟踪性能,同时还可以压缩带宽,有效增强接收机抗干扰性能。介绍GPS/INS超紧耦合技术,给出INS辅助GPS载波跟踪环路结构图和相应的数学模型,分析INS辅助GPS跟踪环路在动态环境下的动态残留及其对环路相位误差的影响,并进行了模型仿真,最后对仿真结果进行了验证分析。仿真结果显示,辅助动态残留及其导致的环路相位误差的大小与加加速度、环路辅助时间间隔成正比。