压气机转子叶片的抑颤设计(“两机”专刊)

以一高压压气机转子叶片为对象开展了叶片抑颤工程设计方法研究,采用基于相位延迟边界条件的能量法和特征值法对原转子叶片模型的气动弹性稳定性进行评估,通过分析近失速工况下的非定常气动功密度分布,对叶片安装角沿径向分布、弦长和叶尖间隙等设计参数进行调整,以明确各参数对气动弹性稳定性的影响,最终达到提高气动阻尼的目的。研究结果表明：叶尖间隙对气动阻尼的影响较大,安装角次之,弦长影响相对较小。叶片气动阻尼随叶尖间隙的变化并非单调,而是存在一个叶尖间隙使其气动阻尼最小,即叶片气动弹性稳定性最差。减小进口气流攻角和增加折合频率,能够提高气动阻尼,设计中可以通过调节安装角来减小气流攻角,增加弦长来增大折合频率。     

环下润滑结构对径向收油环收油效率影响的数值计算研究

为研究环下供油润滑系统中的流动过程和收油环收油效率的影响因素及其影响规律,基于VOF(Volume of fluid)两相流模型和滑移网格模型的数值计算方法,建立了环下润滑系统内部流场的计算模型。通过数值计算,获得了收油环的收油效率并验证了数值计算结果的有效性,分析和探讨了不同结构参数对收油效率的影响。计算结果表明:利用本文数值计算方法得到的收油效率和流动现象与已有实验和数值计算结果均一致;供油喷嘴角度和收油环外径均主要影响滑油射流冲击收油叶片的飞溅量和收油叶片切割滑油量,收油效率取决于二者的相对大小,θ=0°,θ=9°和r0=2mm,r0=6mm时收油效率取极大值;收油叶片数量和供油喷嘴与收油叶片间距离分别影响收油叶片切割滑油射流的时间间隔和滑油射流在到达收油叶片前的流动,不影响滑油射流冲击收油叶片的飞溅量和收油叶片切割滑油射流的量,对收油效率的影响较小。     

基于截尾概率-非概率混合模型的可靠性优化算法

针对工程中截尾概率变量与非概率变量同时存在的情况,给出一种新的截尾概率与非概率混合可靠性模型。在该混合可靠性模型基础上,按照可靠性指标(RIA)法给出双层嵌套可靠性优化模型,并采用改进搜索策略后的ST-Powell优化算法在外层搜索设计变量的最优值,内层采用能保证收敛的改进的有限步长迭代法求解混合可靠性指标。数值算例表明,改进搜索策略后的ST-Powell优化算法的全局寻优性得到显著提升;改进搜索策略后的ST-Powell优化算法与改进的有限步长迭代法相结合求解双层嵌套混合可靠性优化模型的正确性得到验证,且对于非线性程度较高的极限状态函数同样能够得到满足截尾概率与非概率混合可靠性模型指标要求的最优解,并对工程结构算例具有很好的适应性。     

工程方法确定翼面载荷研究

提供一种使用翼面载荷测试的弯、扭矩确定气动载荷分布的工程方法。实例表明这种方法是一种比较简单易行的方法,可以得到工程上较为满意的结果。可供强度工作者参考使用。     

二级轻气炮弹丸速度、质量和位置测量

二级轻气炮发射的氘冰弹丸的速度、质量和显示弹丸完整性的方法和所使用的仪器以及新开发的以波长编码、用光纤为传感器的弹丸进入位置的测量方法。     

Numerical analysis and optimization of boundary layer suction on airfoils

Numerical approach of hybrid laminar flow control(HLFC) is investigated for the suction hole with a width between 0.5 mm and 7 mm. The accuracy of Menter and Langtry’s transition model applied for simulating the flow with boundary layer suction is validated. The experiment data are compared with the computational results. The solutions show that this transition model can predict the transition position with suction control accurately. A well designed laminar airfoil is selected in the present research. For suction control with a single hole, the physical mechanism of suction control, including the impact of suction coefficient and the width and position of the suction hole on control results, is analyzed. The single hole simulation results indicate that it is favorable for transition delay and drag reduction to increase the suction coefficient and set the hole position closer to the trailing edge properly. The modified radial basis function(RBF) neural network and the modified differential evolution algorithm are used to optimize the design for suction control with three holes. The design variables are suction coefficient, hole width, hole position and hole spacing. The optimization target is to obtain the minimum drag coefficient. After optimization,the transition delay can be up to 17% and the aerodynamic drag coefficient can decrease by 12.1%.     

Practical compensation for nonlinear dynamic thrust measurement system

The real dynamic thrust measurement system usually tends to be nonlinear due to the complex characteristics of the rig, pipes connection, etc. For a real dynamic measuring system,the nonlinearity must be eliminated by some adequate methods. In this paper, a nonlinear model of dynamic thrust measurement system is established by using radial basis function neural network(RBF-NN), where a novel multi-step force generator is designed to stimulate the nonlinearity of the system, and a practical compensation method for the measurement system using left inverse model is proposed. Left inverse model can be considered as a perfect dynamic compensation of the dynamic thrust measurement system, and in practice, it can be approximated by RBF-NN based on least mean square(LMS) algorithms. Different weights are set for producing the multi-step force, which is the ideal input signal of the nonlinear dynamic thrust measurement system. The validity of the compensation method depends on the engine’s performance and the tolerance error0.5%, which is commonly demanded in engineering. Results from simulations and experiments show that the practical compensation using left inverse model based on RBF-NN in dynamic thrust measuring system can yield high tracking accuracy than the conventional methods.     

航空拖靶系统大长度拖缆飞行参数计算与分析

针对航空拖靶系统中大长度拖缆张力、下沉量等参数设计问题,给出了计算方法。结合某拖靶系统大长度拖缆的设计,对拖缆进行了多种结构组成状态下的飞行参数计算和对比分析,给出了优化后的设计结果,并应用于实际产品。经飞行验证,取得了满意的效果。     

飞机维修工卡长度与标准工时的相关性研究

工时管理体系是飞机维修的重要组成部分。本文以国内某航空公司8个主流机型的飞机维修工卡为研究对象，对飞机维修工卡的长度与飞机制造厂提供的标准工时进行Pearson相关性研究。研究结果显示各机型的工卡长度与工时存在显著的相关关系。飞机维修单位在对工卡工时进行调整和修正评估时，可适当考虑工卡长度的影响。     

基于离心加速度信息的单站无源测距定位方法

针对只测向（B0）方法具有收敛速度慢、定位误差大等缺点，提出了一种利用角度及其变化率、离心加速度等信息进行单站无源测距定位的新方法。对该方法的单次测距误差进行了分析，经多次测量定位计算机仿真结果表明，该方法比只测角定位方法、角度及其变化率定位方法具有更高的定位精度和更快的收敛速度，并且具有更广的应用范围。