北斗专列—CZ 3A系列火箭发展回顾和未来展望

CZ-3A系列运载火箭承担了北斗工程，包括北斗一号、北斗二号和北斗三号的全部发射任务，被称为“北斗专列”。在北斗工程历时26年的研制过程中，CZ-3A系列火箭突破了一系列关键技术，使火箭具备了从地球同步转移轨道(GTO)到倾斜同步转移轨道(IGTO)、中圆转移轨道(MTO)，从一箭一星发射至转移轨道，到一箭双星发射至转移轨道，再到一箭双星直接发射入轨的发射能力，实现了跨越发展。满足了北斗工程的发射任务需求，北斗工程共计44箭、59星，CZ-3A系列火箭发射均获得了圆满成功，成功率达到了100%。     

北斗三号卫星共视时间比对性能分析

为评估现阶段北斗三号卫星共视时间比对性能，基于中科院国家授时中心(NTSC)和捷克光电研究院(TP)各自保持的国家时间基准系统，开展了基线长度约7500 km的北斗三号卫星亚欧共视时间比对试验。首先从单站北斗卫星可视数及其卫星高度角两方面进行了分析，然后利用频率响应法确定Vondrak滤波平滑因子后对共视比对数据进行了降噪处理，最后将北斗三号卫星共视时间比对结果与北斗二号卫星及GPS共视时间比对结果进行了比较。结果表明：在当前北斗全球组网阶段，北斗三号卫星在中捷共视可视卫星数比北斗二号卫星少的情况下，其共视时间比对精度达到1.16 ns，较北斗二号提升约19%，10000 s以内的时间和频率稳定度也优于北斗二号。     

基于碳纤维复合材料的电容式燃油油位测量传感器

利用解析法和Ansys软件对基于碳纤维复合管材的电容式燃油油位测量传感器设计进行了计算和分析，给出了传感器的结构设计和中和电流法测量电路，实现了碳纤维复合材料在电容式油位测量中的应用。对传感器和测量系统的标定和稳定性、可靠性、高低温等试验，结果表明碳纤维复合管材电容式油位测量传感器在飞机燃油测量中的应用是可行的。     

Modelling the effects of microgravity on the permeability of air interface respiratory epithelial cell layers

Although it has been suggested that microgravity might affect drug absorption in vivo, drug permeability across epithelial barriers has not yet been investigated in vitro during modelled microgravity. Therefore, a cell culture/diffusion chamber was designed specifically to accommodate epithelial cell layers in a 3D-clinostat and allow epithelial permeability to be measured under microgravity conditions in vitro with minimum alteration to established cell culture techniques. Human respiratory epithelial Calu-3 cell layers were used to model the airway epithelium. Cells grown at an air interface in the diffusion chamber from day 1 or day 5 after seeding on 24-well polyester Transwell cell culture inserts developed a similar transepithelial electrical resistance (TER) to cells cultured in conventional cell culture plates. Confluent Calu-3 layers exposed to modelled microgravity in the 3D-clinostat for up to 48 h maintained their high TER. The permeability of the paracellular marker ¹⁴C-mannitol was unaffected after a 24 h rotation of the cell layers in the 3D-clinostat, but was increased 2-fold after 48 h of modelled microgravity. It was demonstrated that the culture/diffusion chamber developed is suitable for culturing epithelial cell layers and, when subjected to rotation in the 3D-clinostat, will be a valuable in vitro system in which to study the influence of microgravity on epithelial permeability and drug transport.     

不同热控涂层的飞艇散热器Fluent仿真分析

为了分析不同热控涂层的性能，采用Fluent模拟了临近空间飞艇上小型散热器在20 km高空的热平衡状态。散热器分别使用S781白漆、S956灰漆及La_1-xSr_xMnO₃化合物热致变材料作为热控涂层，使用UDF（User defined function）编码对热控涂层设置随涂层温度变化的发射率。经过模拟计算，得到了在太阳垂直照射与无太阳辐射两种极端情况下不同热控涂层散热器的温度分布。仿真结果得出在太阳垂直照射下，使用La_1-xSr_xMnO₃化合物作为热控材料散热器的锂电池温度处于最佳工作温度范围，但其在太阳垂直照射与无太阳辐射情况下电源的平均温度温差为8.89 K，略大于S781白漆的温差6.57 K。模拟中，La_1-xSr_xMnO₃热致变材料发射率变化较小，约为0.11，垂直照射时温度最高的散热区域发射率可达到0.8，无太阳辐射时温度最低的散热区域约为0.69。     

A topside investigation over a mid-latitude digisonde station in Cyprus

We examine the systematic differences between topside electron density measurements recorded by different techniques over the low-middle latitude operating European station in Nicosia, Cyprus (geographical coordinates: 35.14^oN, 33.2^oE), (magnetic coordinates 31.86^oN, 111.83 ^oE). These techniques include space-based in-situ data by Langmuir probes on board.European Space Agency (ESA) Swarm satellites, radio occultation measurements on board low Earth orbit (LEO) satellites from the COSMIC/FORMOSAT-3 mission and ground-based extrapolated topside electron density profiles from manually scaled ionograms. The measurements are also compared with International Reference Ionosphere Model (IRI-2016) topside estimations and IRI-corrected NeQuick topside formulation (method proposed by Pezzopane and Pignalberi (2019)). The comparison of Swarm and COSMIC observations with digisonde and IRI estimations verifies that in the majority of cases digisonde underestimates while IRI overestimates Swarm observations but in general, IRI provides a better topside representation than the digisonde. For COSMIC and digisonde profiles matched at the F layer peak the digisonde systematically underestimates topside COSMIC electron density values and the relative difference between COSMIC and digisonde increases with altitude (above hmF2), while IRI overestimates the topside COSMIC electron density but after a certain altitude (~150 km above hmF2) this overestimation starts to decrease with altitude. The IRI-corrected NeQuick underestimates the majority of topside COSMIC electron density profiles and relative difference is lower up to approximately 100 km (above the hmF2) and then it increases. The overall performance of IRI-corrected NeQuick improves with respect to IRI and digisonde.     

燃油初温对两相爆震性能影响的实验研究

为研究燃油初温对两相爆震性能的影响，在24mm内径爆震管中，以30~200℃的不同初温煤油为燃料，氧气为氧化剂，成功进行了10Hz的两相爆震实验。实验发现，随着燃油初温的升高，火焰锋面的稳态传播速度逐渐增大，爆震燃烧的稳定性逐渐提升，两相爆震峰值压力增大，起爆距离缩短。此外对不同燃油初温下的爆震燃烧尾焰观测表明，油温升高后，非稳态排气总压增大，发动机可获取的推力增大。     

FY-3卫星积雪监测产品概述及在遥感服务中的应用

介绍了风云三号(FY-3)气象卫星主要成像传感器及其积雪监测产品情况,FY-3卫星利用其1级数据能反演积雪覆盖、积雪深度、雪水当量等多种积雪监测参数和产品。卫星可见光-近红外传感器提供积雪覆盖监测信息,微波成像传感器提供积雪深度、雪水当量监测信息。针对防灾减灾以及应对气候变化分别给出积雪监测产品的遥感服务应用。结合国内外积雪遥感监测技术的发展趋势,提出利用FY-3卫星进行积雪监测的未来前景。FY-3卫星积雪监测产品在防灾减灾和应对气候变化方面能为遥感部门提供客观、可靠、全面、及时的参考信息。     

类多孔结构超轻高效换热器流动传热特性研究

针对航空发动机热管理系统的需求,提出了一种基于3D打印技术的正八面体类多孔结构换热器,并对其内部的流动传热问题开展研究。通过研究发现,正八面体类多孔结构可以有效提高换热器的效能。但随着结构系数C_e的减小,管外流阻会急速增加。当C_e减小到10后,管外阻力系数增大到光管的18.2倍。为此,本文开展了换热器内部的结构优化,在提高内部换热的情况下,尽可能减小换热器管外空气侧流阻,使得换热阻力综合系数ψ值达到最优。     

3D飞行音效仿真系统设计技术研究

针对3D飞行音效仿真系统的特点与系统需求,提出了3D飞行音效仿真系统的详细设计方案,从硬件设计与软件设计两个方面详述了此方案,重点对3D飞行音效仿真技术实现原理与实现方法进行了阐述。通过测试,证明该系统满足了任务需求、优化了系统架构,具有很强的移植性和扩展性。