Effects of synthetic jet frequency on the separated flow in a diffusing S-duct

Numerical simulations were carried out to investigate the effects of synthetic jet actuation frequency on the separated flow in a diffusing S-duct. The Reynolds number based on the entrance height was 9.78×105. At first, the numerical model was validated with experimental data, and then, the interaction between the separated flow and the synthetic jets at different frequencies was discussed. The results demonstrate that the control effect is significantly dependent on the momentum mixing enhancement between inside of the separated boundary layer and the outer flow. There exists a narrow range of actuation frequency, in which effective separation control can be achieved using synthetic jets. A dimensionless frequency F+=1.0 is identified as the optimal frequency, with a momentum coefficient of 1.62×10-3, the separation area is reduced about 46%, and the aerodynamic performance of the S-duct is also greatly improved compared to uncontrolled case. Further analysis reveals that the choice of actuation frequency is mainly determined by the momentum flux produced by a single ejection and the spacing between adjacent ejections, the optimal frequency case can be understood as a balance between the two factors. In addition, it is found that the synthetic jets can also suppress the secondary flows while decreasing the separation.      

毫秒脉冲等离子体激励改善飞翼的气动性能实验

在来流速度为30m/s时,进行了毫秒脉冲介质阻挡放电等离子体激励改善飞翼气动性能的风洞实验.等离子体激励器布置在飞翼前缘,峰峰值电压为9.5kV时,放电的脉冲能量在0.1mJ/cm量级.通过六分量测力天平测力研究了脉冲激励频率和占空比对升/阻力系数、升阻比和俯仰力矩系数的作用效果.结果表明:等离子体激励可以有效改善飞翼大攻角气动特性;在最佳无量纲脉冲激励频率F+≈1时,临界失速迎角由14°提高到17°,最大升力系数提高10%;占空比对流动控制效果影响较大,减小占空比可以降低能耗,实验中最佳占空比为5%;俯仰力矩系数的变化表明施加等离子体激励改善了飞翼纵向静稳定性.      

预燃式等离子体射流点火器工作特性实验研究

为解决发动机点火包线小于飞行包线的实际问题,提供等离子体点火技术在航空发动机中的工程应用新思路,论文设计了一种预燃式等离子体射流点火器,实验研究了放电特性和射流特性。结果表明,预燃式等离子体射流点火器与空气等离子体射流点火器相比,在提升射流能量降低电源功率方面有着较大的优势,电流相同时通入甲烷在较大流量时可减小驱动电源功率,总流量为44L/min时,减幅可达14.99%;同时预燃式等离子体射流较空气等离子体射流稳定,且射流长度增加,扩大了点火面积,有利于点火。     

纳秒脉冲表面介质阻挡放电激励改善飞翼力矩特性的实验研究

针对飞翼布局力矩控制问题,采用纳秒脉冲表面介质阻挡放电（NS-DBD）激励,在来流风速30 m/s时,开展飞翼等离子体流动控制风洞试验,研究了不同激励参数和位置对飞翼升阻特性和力矩特性的影响。结果表明,NS-DBD激励能够有效改善飞翼大迎角气动特性。激励频率对飞翼升阻特性影响较大,激励频率为0.2 kHz时,增升效果最好,最大升力系数提高14.5%,失速迎角推迟5°。随着激励频率的增加,增升效果逐渐变差,减阻效果变好。单侧施加激励时,能够实现大迎角下飞翼模型的力矩控制,随着激励频率的增加,滚转力矩的控制效果减小,激励频率为0.2kHz时,平均滚转力矩系数变化为ΔMX=0.005691;偏航力矩的控制效果增大,激励频率为1kHz时,平均偏航力矩系数变化为ΔMY=-0.001571;俯仰力矩的控制效果减小,激励频率为0.2kHz时,平均俯仰力矩系数变化为ΔMZ=-0.002576。在中翼段和内翼段施加激励,破坏了飞翼的俯仰力矩特性,在外翼段和机翼右侧施加激励,能够显著改善飞翼的俯仰力矩特性。流场测量结果表明：等离子体激励对飞翼气动力矩的控制,主要是通过控制流动分离和控制横向流动来实现的。NS-DBD激励为改善飞翼布局稳定性和操纵性提供一种潜在的技术手段。     

射频介质阻挡放电改善NACA 0015翼型气动性能的实验

介质阻挡放电(DBD)均匀稳定、易于敷设,是机翼/翼型等离子体流动控制(PFC)中最常用的激励方式。射频介质阻挡放电激励频率高、放电功率大,且能在流场中产生明显的加热,应用潜力大。采用射频电源驱动DBD激励器产生等离子体,分析放电的体积力、热特性和诱导流场特性,开展了射频介质阻挡放电改善NACA 0015翼型气动性能的实验,研究了占空比、调制频率、载波频率和电源功率等参数对流动控制效果的影响规律。结果表明:射频等离子体激励的体积力效应随激励电压的增大而增加;射频等离子体激励产生的热量在诱导的流场中进行传导,加速流场;当来流速度为20m/s,Re=3.36×10~5时,在翼型前缘施加激励,使翼型临界失速迎角推迟1°,最大升力系数增大6.43%,且在过失速迎角下仍具有流动控制效果,使升力下降变缓;调制频率越大,控制效果越好;存在最佳占空比、载波频率和功率,占空比对流场控制效果的影响最显著,最佳占空比、载波频率和功率分别为20%,460kHz和50W。射频等离子体激励以体积力效应、热效应和诱导壁面射流改善失速流场,使得NACA0015翼型气动性能极大改善,流动分离得到有效控制。     

Modeling of ionospheric scintillation at low-latitude

The presence and movement of plasma density fluctuations in the F-region of the ionosphere are studied by monitoring phase and amplitude of radio waves propagating through the region. In this paper, we have used weak scattering theory and assumed the plasma density fluctuations to behave like phase changing diffraction screen. Appropriate relations for scintillation index S₄, and phase variance δ? are derived and computed for different parameters of the plasma density irregularities of the ionosphere. SROSS-C2 satellite in situ measurements of plasma density fluctuations, which provide direct information about the structure and morphology of irregularities that are responsible for scintillation of radio waves, were used first time to develop a scintillation model for low latitude. It is observed that the scintillation index S₄ and phase variance δ? depends on the strength of the plasma turbulence. Finally, the results obtained from modeling are compared and discussed with the available recent results.     

Structure and kinetic properties of slow-mode shocks associated with magnetic reconnection in the near-Earth magnetotail

We study the structure and kinetic properties of slow-mode shocks near the plasma sheet boundary layer (PSBL) associated with magnetic reconnection by Cluster observation. The presence of slow-mode shocks is confirmed by traditional Rankine–Hugoniot (RH) analysis and Monte-Carlo shock fitting method. The Walén analysis, applied to the tailward flow associated with slow-mode shocks, also supports that plasma was accelerated across a Petschek-type slow-mode shock connected to the diffusion region. Back-streaming ions were observed on the shock layer, and cold ions were accelerated and heated by slow-mode shocks. In addition, whistler and electrostatic solitary waves were observed around the slow-mode shocks. These waves might be excited by the observed field-aligned electron beams near the shocks.     

The relationship between plasma effects and cosmic radiation studied with TriTel-LMP measurements during the ESEO mission

The main point of the paper is to use the simultaneous measurements of the energetic particle flux by TriTel and those of electron density by a Langmuir probe to study the question of to what extent solar electromagnetic and corpuscular radiation (galactic cosmic rays, particle precipitation from the radiation belts) are responsible for the ionization of the atmosphere. The electron density measured by the Langmuir probe is the sum of the ionization produced by the solar electromagnetic radiation and that due to the corpuscular radiation. The ionization produced by the solar electromagnetic radiation may be computed. The flux of energetic particles in an energy range may be determined by taking the difference between the threshold energy of the TriTel telescopes and the energy corresponding to the local cut-off rigidity. As the ESEO satellite will have a quasi-polar and circular orbit, the cut-off rigidity will change from low to high latitudes, thus enabling the assignment of different energy bands for the telescopes. Thus, it will be possible to determine which energy bands of particle produce ionization at different latitudes.     

Particle simulation of grid system for krypton ion thrusters

The transport processes of plasmas in grid systems of krypton (Kr) ion thrusters at different acceleration voltages were simulated with a 3D-PIC model, and the result was compared with xenon (Xe) ion thrusters. The variation of the screen grid transparency, the accelerator grid current ratio and the divergence loss were explored. It is found that the screen grid transparency increases with the acceleration voltage and decreases with the beam current, while the accelerator grid current ratio and divergence loss decrease first and then increase with the beam current. This result is the same with Xe ion thrusters. Simulation results also show that Kr ion thrusters have more advantages than Xe ion thrusters, such as higher screen grid transparency, smaller accelerator grid current ratio, larger cut-off current threshold, and better divergence loss characteristic. These advantages mean that Kr ion thrusters have the ability of operating in a wide range of current. Through comprehensive analyses, it can be concluded that using Kr as propellant is very suitable for a multi-mode ion thruster design.