Multiphysics simulation method of Lamb wavepropagation with piezoelectric transducers under load condition

Lamb Wave(LW) simulation under time-varying conditions is an effective and low cost way to study the problem of the low reliability of the structural health monitoring methods based on the LW and Piezoelectric Transducer(PT). In this paper, a multiphysics simulation method of the LW propagation with the PTs under load condition is proposed. With this method, two key mechanisms of the load influence on the LW propagation are considered and coupled with each other. The first mechanism is the acoustoelastic effect which is the main reason of the LW velocity change. The second key mechanism is the load influence on piezoelectric materials, which results in a change of the amplitude. Based on the computational platform of the COMSOL Multiphysics, a multiphysics simulation model of the LW propagation with the PTs under load condition is established. The simulation model includes two physical phenomena. The first one is called solid mechanics, which is used to simulate the acoustoelastic effect being combined with the hyperelastic material properties of the structure in which the LW propagates. The second one is called electromechanical coupling, which considers the simulation of the piezoelectric effect of the PTs for the LW excitation and sensing. To simulate the load influence on piezoelectric materials, a non-linear numerical model of the relationship between the load and the piezoelectric coefficient d31 is established based on an experiment of the load influence on the LW. The simulation results under uniaxial tensile load condition are obtained and are compared with the data obtained from the experiment. It shows that the variations of the phase velocity and amplitude of the LW obtained from the simulation model match the experimental results well.     

单颗磨粒磨削碳化硅陶瓷磨削力与比能研究

为探索磨削速度和单颗磨粒最大未变形切厚对碳化硅陶瓷高速磨削材料去除过程的影响规律,进行了切向进给单颗磨粒高速磨削试验,研究了磨削力、磨削比能与磨削速度以及单颗磨粒切厚的关系。研究结果表明,单颗磨粒切厚为0.03和1μm时,磨削力和磨削比能均随着速度的增加而减小,而当切厚为0.3μm时,磨削力和磨削比能随着磨削速度先增加后减小,磨削速度80m/s为其转折点。磨削力随着单颗磨粒切厚的增大整体上呈上升趋势,但是当切厚小于某一临界值时,磨削力变化并不明显,磨削比能却急剧降低,而且磨削速度提高,该临界值变大。因此,磨削速度的提高有利于降低磨削力和磨削比能,适当增加单颗磨粒未变形切厚并不会恶化加工质量。     

采用分布式压电驱动器的翼面热颤振主动抑制

高超声速气动加热会严重影响飞行器结构的颤振特性,本文开展了采用分布式压电驱动器的热颤振主动抑制方法研究。以某飞行器小展弦比翼面为研究对象,进行了常温和热载荷边界条件下的结构振动和颤振分析。在此基础上,对频域非定常气动力进行有理函数拟合,建立包含压电驱动器的翼面耦合结构系统状态空间形式的运动方程;对典型热载荷边界条件下的被控对象设计颤振主动抑制控制律,分别设计出LQG及PID控制器;对比分析了系统开、闭环颤振特性。结果表明,通过主动控制律的实施,达到了热颤振主动抑制的目的,验证了这种颤振主动抑制方法的有效性     

压电-活塞式合成射流驱动器结构与性能

在传统的压电合成射流驱动器驱动器的基础之上,结合活塞式合成射流驱动器的结构特点,设计了一种新型的压电式合成射流驱动器结构。使用ANSYS仿真出这种新结构的振型模态并与传统压电式合成射流驱动器的振动模态对比。通过热线风速仪对新驱动器的驱动能力进行测量。得到了这种新型驱动器的频率响应曲线、瞬时速度、中心线上速度分布和开口处横向速度分布曲线。实验结果显示出这种新型的压电-活塞式合成射流驱动器峰值速度可以达到80m/s以上,可以有效增加驱动器的驱动能力。     

陶瓷刀具切削高温合金试验研究

本文通过对陶瓷刀片车削镍基高温合金GH4169机理的研究,得到了切削速度、进给量和切削深度对切削力及切削温度和表面粗糙度的影响,进而优化切削工艺。借助olympus的3D测量激光共焦显微镜,得到了刀片的磨损形貌,并对其做了简要分析。     

三维网络碳化硅多孔陶瓷的制备

以中间相沥青添加55%(质量分数,下同)的Si粉混合物为原料,制备了含Si的炭泡沫模板。在高温反应烧结炉中,氩气气氛下1500℃保温1～6h,结合反应烧结工艺制备了碳化硅多孔陶瓷。利用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和X射线衍射分析仪(XRD)对碳化硅多孔陶瓷的微观形貌、物相组成进行了观察,并对熔融Si与C的反应机理进行了探讨。结果表明:碳化硅多孔陶瓷的微观结构与炭泡沫模板的微观结构一致,烧结温度1500℃下,随着保温时间的延长,多孔陶瓷的弯曲强度先增大后减小,而孔隙率先减小后增大;在保温4h的条件下制备的碳化硅多孔陶瓷主要由β-SiC相组成,最大弯曲强度为26.2MPa,对应的孔隙率为45%。内部熔融的Si与外部熔融的Si同时与C反应生成SiC,最后两者结合在一起形成致密的SiC多孔陶瓷。     

无水溶胶-凝胶法制备非氧化物陶瓷的研究进展

综述了基于氨解、胺解以及碳化二亚胺化三类反应的无水相溶胶-凝胶方法在制备SiCN、B(C)N、SiN、BN等非氧化物陶瓷材料方面的研究进展,并对其前景进行了展望。     

A longitudinal & longitudinal-torsional vibration actuator for rotary-percussive ultrasonic planetary drills

Ultrasonic drills, which can sample rocks using a lower weight on bit and lower power, are more suitable for sampling on a minor planet than conventional drills. To remove cutting chips and improve drilling efficiency, rotary-percussive ultrasonic drills (RPUD) drive drill tools for rotary-percussive motion. This paper proposes a novel longitudinal & longitudinal-torsional (L-LT) actuator, which is composed of a stepped horn, a piezoelectric stack, and a longitudinal-torsional (LT) coupler, for the RPUD. The horn magnifies the longitudinal vibration on the front surface of the piezoelectric stack, which is clamped between the horn and the LT coupler, and impacts the drill tool. The LT coupler transforms the longitudinal vibration on the back surface into longitudinal-torsional vibration, which generates elliptical movements that drive the rotor to rotate. Then, the rotor drives the drill tool to rotate. A method of adjusting the displacement amplitudes of the horn and the driving tips is discussed. The prototype achieved a maximum speed and torque of 193?r/min and 0.065?N$·$m, respectively. The maximum drilling speed through sandstone under a weight on bit of 5?N was 13?mm/min.     

铣削加工透波性Si3N4陶瓷表面质量研究

为了探索透波性Si3N4陶瓷铣削中加工表面创成机理及加工工艺参数对其影响规律,对加工表面形貌和边缘破损特征,以及加工参数与切削力、表面粗糙度、边缘破损的映射关系等开展了试验研究。首先对加工表面形貌进行了分析,由于存在陶瓷粉末去除和破碎性颗粒去除两种形式,造成加工表面形貌结构一种体现为变化平缓,而另一种包含微裂纹、层状结构体等,且存在凹坑、沟槽等缺陷。其次研究了边缘破损形式及产生机理,当刀具运动到出口棱边处,刀尖应力集中处将产生微裂纹,并向工件侧面扩展,从而在加工表面和加工侧面诱导形成边缘破损。最后基于均匀设计试验,分析了工艺条件对加工性能的影响。结果表明:随着切削深度从0. 2增加到0. 5 mm和切削宽度从1增加到4 mm时,x轴切削力呈耦合增长,y轴切削力呈二次方增长;当切削深度和切削宽度分别为0. 2 mm和1 mm、进给速度为500 mm/min时,加工表面粗糙度值最小;转速为2 000 r/min、切削深度和切削宽度最小时,边缘破损幅值最小。此结果可为提高透波性Si3N4陶瓷铣削加工质量提供技术支撑。     

基于拓扑优化的叶盘压电阻尼器性能研究

针对压电分支阻尼技术在航空发动机叶盘结构振动抑制问题中的应用,提出了一种拓扑优化方法,可给出限定用量的压电材料在轮盘上的最佳位置,以提升压电分支阻尼的上限。在轮盘上布置压电材料还可防止对叶片通道内流场的影响,避免降低流体效率。首先,论述了该拓扑优化方法的原理,推导了模态机电耦合系数这一核心参数的计算公式及其与最佳阻尼比、模态应变场的关系。其次,建立了基于模态应变场的压电材料分布拓扑优化方法,可用于任意有限元模型。最后,将该优化方法应用于一个航空发动机压气机叶盘结构模型,分别针对单一和多阶模态进行了压电材料在轮盘上分布的拓扑优化,研究这种铺设方式对各典型模态(轮盘主导、叶片主导、耦合振动)的振动抑制效果。结果表明,在仅采用占轮盘质量5%的压电材料的情况下,优化后的压电阻尼器最多可以为轮盘振动主导模态及叶片-轮盘耦合振动模态提供约13%的模态阻尼比,为叶片主导模态提供的模态阻尼比集中在2%～4%。