铷原子钟物理部分的低剂量率辐射效应研究

铷原子钟物理部分是铷原子钟的原子鉴频器,决定铷原子钟的短期和长期稳定度（1s以上）,其中使用了金属铷、玻璃、镍铁合金等材料和一些双极性晶体管、运算放大器等器件,其核心部件铷泡是一个采用特殊真空工艺制造的器件,这些材料、器件和工艺的低剂量率辐射效应需要实验评价。本文提出并完成了铷原子钟物理部分的低剂量率辐射实验,采用Co60γ源,辐射剂量率0.01rad（Si）/s,总剂量50krad（Si）,对铷原子钟物理部分和铷泡的辐射效应分别进行了实验评估。这项研究更加真实地逼近了空间的电离辐射,实验数据对于星载铷原子钟的在轨运行监测和下一代星载铷原子钟的抗辐射设计具有重要的作用。     

Strategy to search fragments from breakups in GEO

This paper proposes a strategy to search fragments from breakups in the Geosynchronous Earth Orbit (GEO) region based upon population prediction and motion prediction by means of ground-based optical observations. Breakup fragments have uncertainties in the states such as their position and motion, or even in their existence. Population prediction and motion prediction resolve those uncertainties. Population prediction evaluates the time-averaged distribution of fragments, whose position at a given time is unknown, in the celestial sphere. Motion prediction evaluates the expected motion of fragments appeared in image series acquired by a telescope’s CCD camera. This paper logically describes procedures of the search strategy, and provides mathematical expressions of population prediction and motion prediction. This paper also validates the search strategy via actual observations, in which a confirmed breakup in the GEO region is selected as a target. It is concluded that the proposed strategy is valid even for searching uncataloged fragments from breakups in the GEO region.     

Shape and motion estimate of LEO debris using light curves

We have derived a tri-axial ellipsoidal model of an LEO object, a Cosmos 2082 rocket body, including its rotational axis direction, rotation period, precession, and a compositional parameter, using only light curve data from an optical telescope. The brightness of the object was monitored for two days and least-squares fitting was used to determine these values. The derived axial ratios are 100:18:18, the coordinates of the rotational axis direction on the celestial sphere are R.A. = 305.8° and Dec. = 2.6°, and its observed average rotation period is 41 s. When precession is considered, its amplitude and precession period are 30.5° and 29.4 min. These results show that optical light curve data are sufficient to determine the shapes and the motions of LEO objects.     

Object image linking of earth orbiting objects in the presence of cosmics

In survey series of unknown Earth orbiting objects, no a priori orbital elements are available. In surveys of wide field telescopes possibly many non-resolved object images are present on the single frames of the series. Reliable methods have to be found to associate the object images stemming from the same object with each other, so-called linking. The presence of cosmic ray events, so-called Cosmics, complicates reliable linking of non-resolved images. The tracklets of object images allow to extract exact positions for a first orbit determination.     

气动加热下光学窗口传热特性的数值模拟

针对气动加热条件下光学窗口辐射导热耦合传热开展研究,以了解光学窗口的热辐射发射规律及热防护性能。采用有限体积法、蒙特卡罗法、谱带模型建立了具有镜反射界面的光学窗口辐射传输及辐射导热耦合传热计算模型,对具有两层SiO2玻璃的光学窗口传热特性进行了模拟。结果表明处于高温区玻璃向外发射热辐射,低温区玻璃吸收热辐射;除了加热面附近外的玻璃区域,辐射热流密度远大于导热热流密度,在2.9～4.2μm谱带内的辐射热流密度大于0.4～2.9μm谱带内的;在0.4～2.9μm谱带内,可见光波长内的出射辐射热流密度最小,中红外波长范围内出射辐射热流密度最大。在光学窗口总厚度一定的情况下,降低玻璃层厚度和玻璃夹层气体热导率能够有效降低光学窗口非加热面稳态温度。     

高温超导谐振器技术及其应用研究综述

目前,用超导临界温度比较高、微波表面电阻Rs较小、超导性能稳定的高温超导薄膜制成的高温超导谐振器已在工程上得到广泛应用。高温超导谐振器较其他谐振器具有Q值高、噪声小、损耗低等优点。它不仅可作为高性能微波器件使用,还可用来开展超导薄膜或介质衬底材料的微波性能研究,在航天领域有望用于空间原子钟。文章对高温超导谐振器的原理、结构、各领域应用及国内外研究情况进行综述,并给出我国发展此项技术的建议。     

星地激光时间比对在卫星导航系统中的应用

星地精密激光时间比对具有精度高、系统误差少等优点,因此利用星地精密激光时间比对,不但可以对无线电时间比对进行外部精度检验,而且可以检验并分离无线电伪距测量的系统误差,分析检测设备时延的不稳定性和卫星钟的中短期性能指标,提高卫星钟差的预报精度。     

光学遥感器光电信号处理系统的空间辐射效应研究

文章针对光学遥感器光电信号处理系统,描述了空间辐射效应研究的方法和途径。首先介绍了光学遥感器常用运行轨道的空间辐射环境,然后选择光学遥感器的光电信号处理系统作为分析模型,介绍了光电信号处理系统的电路组成和主要元器件,从器件级、电路级到系统级对空间辐射效应的危害性进行分析,并且结合元器件的抗辐射性能现状,归纳了辐射效应的薄弱环节及主要元器件需要进行的辐照试验。最后对空间辐射效应研究的方法和步骤进行了总结。     

一种芯片原子钟专用锁相倍频器研究与设计实现

分析了倍频器对芯片原子钟稳定度指标的影响,并以此提出了对倍频器的设计要求。介绍了国内外几种典型的原子钟倍频器,提出了一种基于撞-D调制的芯片原子钟专用锁相倍频器方案,并采用分离器件对该方案进行了验证,实现了与传统铷钟物理系统的闭环锁定,铷原子频标稳定度指标达4.7E-12/s,能满足原子钟的研制需求。基于该方案开展了倍频器芯片的设计和流片,实现了3.4GHz的芯片原子钟专用芯片,与物理系统进行联调锁定后稳定度指标达5.5E-11/s,表明该芯片可满足芯片原子钟的设计要求。     

CPT铯原子钟微波信号源设计与分析

CPT原子钟由于其体积小、功耗低等优点广泛应用于通信、导航及数据传输等领域。本文采用数字锁相倍频的方法,根据CPT铯原子钟对微波信号的需求设计了一种中心频率为4 596MHz的信号源,并对其输出信号的相位噪声进行了分析。经测试,信号源电路尺寸为30mm×50mm,功耗小于200mW,输出微波功率范围为（-20~-5）dBm,输出信号噪声与理论分析相符,杂散抑制满足设计要求,调制信号频率为500Hz,可用于CPT铯原子钟。