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小卫星高分辨率成像系统 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
对小卫星对地观测高分辨率成像系统进行了综述。介绍了国内外有极高分辨率(0.5~1.0m)、高分辨率(1.8~2.5m)和中高分辨率(4-10m)小卫星光学成像系统的性能,并与合成孔径雷达(SAR)成像系统进行了比较。给出了小卫星光学成像系统、SAR高分辨率成像系统和卫星平台的关键技术。讨论了未来小卫星及其高分辨率成像系统技术的发展趋势。 相似文献
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Feasibility of performing space surveillance tasks with a proposed space-based optical architecture 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
T. Flohrer H. Krag H. Klinkrad T. Schildknecht 《Advances in Space Research (includes Cospar's Information Bulletin, Space Research Today)》2011
Under ESA contract an industrial consortium including Aboa Space Research Oy (ASRO), the Astronomical Institute of the University of Bern (AIUB), and the Dutch National Aerospace Laboratory (NLR), proposed the observation concept, developed a suitable sensor architecture, and assessed the performance of a space-based optical (SBO) telescope in 2005. The goal of the SBO study was to analyse how the existing knowledge gap in the space debris population in the millimetre and centimetre regime may be closed by means of a passive optical instrument. The SBO instrument was requested to provide statistical information on the space debris population in terms of number of objects and size distribution. The SBO instrument was considered to be a cost-efficient with 20 cm aperture and 6° field-of-view and having flexible integration requirements. It should be possible to integrate the SBO instrument easily as a secondary payload on satellites launched into low-Earth orbits (LEO), or into geostationary orbit (GEO). Thus the selected mission concept only allowed for fix-mounted telescopes, and the pointing direction could be requested freely. Since 2007 ESA focuses space surveillance and tracking activities in the Space Situational Awareness (SSA) preparatory program. Ground-based radars and optical telescopes are studied for the build-up and maintenance of a catalogue of objects. In this paper we analyse how the proposed SBO architecture could contribute to the space surveillance tasks survey and tracking. We assume that the SBO instrumentation is placed into a circular sun-synchronous orbit at 800 km altitude. We discuss the observation conditions of objects at higher altitude, and select an orbit close to the terminator plane. A pointing of the sensor orthogonal to the orbital plane with optimal elevation slightly in positive direction (0° and +5°) is found optimal for accessing the entire GEO regime within one day, implying a very good coverage of controlled objects in GEO, too. Simulations using ESA’s Program for Radar and Optical Observation Forecasting (PROOF) in the version 2005 and a GEO reference population extracted from DISCOS revealed that the proposed pointing scenario provides low phase angles together with low angular velocities of the objects crossing the field-of-view. Radiometric simulations show that the optimal exposure time is 1–2 s, and that spherical objects in GEO with a diameter of below 1 m can be detected. The GEO population can be covered under proper illumination nearly completely, but seasonal drops of the coverage are possible. Subsequent observations of objects are on average at least every 1.5 days, not exceeding 3 days at maximum. A single observation arc spans 3° to 5° on average. Using a simulation environment that connects PROOF to AIUB’s program system CelMech we verify the consistency of the initial orbit determination for five selected test objects on subsequent days as a function of realistic astrometric noise levels. The initial orbit determination is possible. We define requirements for a correlator process essential for catalogue build-up and maintenance. Each single observation should provide an astrometric accuracy of at least 1”–1.5” so that the initially determined orbits are consistent within a few hundred kilometres for the semi-major axis, 0.01 for the eccentricity, and 0.1° for the inclination. 相似文献
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由光流场重建三维运动和结构是计算机视觉研究中的热点和前沿,它分为线性算法和非线性算法。非线性算法的初始值选取非常重要,否则会导致算法失败。本文提出了一种由光流场重建三维结构线性算法的实验模拟新方法,该方法巧妙地利用合成数据和图像序列验证了重建的线性算法,该思路也适用于其它算法。 相似文献
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光学遥感是当前卫星遥感的重要手段, 而卫星温控和能源系统也广泛采 用光学膜层, 它们在空间环境条件下的性能对卫星应用任务的完成, 乃至卫星寿命、安全将起着非常重要的作用. 本文给出了太阳紫外辐射对星上光学膜层影响的主要机制, 分析了这一影响的主要规律和原子氧剥蚀、高能粒子和静电场的作用, 综述了太阳紫外辐射对星上光学系统表面膜层影响的测量结果, 最后提出了星上光学膜层污染防护中应重点关注的几个方面. 相似文献
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J.C. Pérez A. Cerdeña A. González M. Armas 《Advances in Space Research (includes Cospar's Information Bulletin, Space Research Today)》2009
In this work a methodology for inferring water cloud macro and microphysical properties from nighttime MODIS imagery is developed. This method is based on the inversion of a theoretical radiative transfer model that simulates the radiances detected in each of the sensor infrared bands. To accomplish this inversion, an operational technique based on Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) is proposed, whose main characteristic is the ability to retrieve cloud properties much faster than conventional methods. Furthermore, a detailed study of input data is performed to avoid different sources of errors that appear in several MODIS infrared channels. Finally, results of applying the proposed method are compared with in-situ measurements carried out during the DYCOMS-II field experiment. 相似文献
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提山了一种新的光流场计算方法:首先,在几何代数域内推导了光流约束方程的新形式;然后,在速度场平滑的基础上,通过求解关于初值问题的热传导方程求解光流场;最后,给出光流场的数值解和仿真结果。实验证明此方法是有效的。 相似文献
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以辐射度量为标准,建立了CCD像机探测合作目标光功率模型以及功率方程,得到了所需合作目标光功率与CCD像机参数的制约关系,分析了CCD像机探测到光点所占像元数与传输距离之间的关系。用超焦距方法解决了CCD像机对有限远距离范围内工作时的成像清晰度问题,采用了像方远心光路设计解决了系统测量精度问题。研究了太阳光进入CCD像机视场和照射对接口反射后对CCD像机产生的影响。 相似文献