热发射测速技术

本文叙述了一种通过探测高温两相流中热粒子的热辐射来测量粒子速度的热发射测速技术,该技术曾多次用于测量电弧加热器射流和火箭弹尾喷火焰中的粒子速度,取得了比较满意的结果。     

凹腔喷射超声速燃烧火焰结构实验研究

为加深对凹腔喷射超声速燃烧火焰结构的认识,利用OH基自发辐射成像和PLIF技术对凹腔上游横向喷注氢气的超声速燃烧流场进行研究.结果表明,火焰主要分布在凹腔剪切层附近及喷流内部,喷口附近没有火焰;燃料喷注当量比、燃料喷注位置及凹腔构型对火焰分布和火焰强度影响较大,在设计燃烧室时应加以考虑.     

An in situ laser induced breakdown spectroscope (LIBS) for Chandrayaan-2 rover: Ablation kinetics and emissivity estimations

A miniaturized in situ laser induced breakdown spectroscope-LIBS is one of the two lunar rover payloads to be flown in India’s next lunar mission Chandrayaan-2, with an objective to carry-out a precise qualitative and quantitative elemental analyses of lunar regolith at the proximity of the landing region. As per the imposed mission constraints and the executed design optimization studies, a compact and light-weight LIBS prototype model is developed at our premises. This paper mainly concerns with the estimation of theoretical aspects; especially on evaluation of elemental ablation parameters and signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) calculations for the designed instrument. Theoretical estimations and simulations yielded an incident laser power density of the order of 5 × 10¹⁰ W/cm² on the target surface at a defined lens-to-surface distance (LTSD) of 200 mm and revealed an SNR > 100 for most of the elements under consideration. This paper also addresses the impact of LTSD variation on detection capability. The estimation of plasma-temperatures was carried out utilizing the emission spectra obtained under high vacuum environments employing the LIBS laboratory model. Experimental investigations and the performed theoretical estimations asserted the successful operation of the configured LIBS instrument for in situ elemental analyses on lunar surface.     

铝合金平板超高速撞击声发射信号S2模态特征分析

对铝合金平板上形成的超高速撞击(HVI)声发射(AE)信号S2模态的特征进行研究,分析其与损伤模式之间的关系。以3 mm厚5A06铝合金平板为研究对象,通过数值仿真获得不同撞击工况下的超高速撞击声发射信号,提取信号中的S2模态,并分析其幅值、能量、频谱等特征。结果表明,S2模态能量随传播距离呈指数衰减;分别随撞击弹丸直径和撞击速度的增加先下降后上升,且在弹丸直径与靶板厚度相近、临界撞击速度时最低。S2模态的中心频率随弹丸直径的增加而降低;随撞击速度的增加而增加;随传播距离的增加向1500 kHz移动。S2模态小波包系数呈凹性的频域范围分别随撞击速度和弹丸直径的增大变窄。在此基础上,当靶板形成穿孔损伤时,可根据S2模态的中心频率推测弹丸的直径;在传播距离和弹丸直径已知的前提下,可根据S2模态小波包系数呈凹性的频域范围推测撞击速度。     

非均匀温度场下声发射源定位方法

针对非均匀温度场下声发射信号传播速度不一致导致时差定位法定位精度下降的问题,研究基于波束形成法的声发射源定位效果.首先,基于板波理论研究声发射信号的传播特性,分析频散现象等对声发射信号速度测试的影响;然后通过数值仿真研究声发射波束形成法定位精度对不同重建速度的定位效果,进而发现在声发射波束形成法在阵列方向具有速度不敏感性.在加热前后的薄钢板上进行断铅定位实验,其结果表明声发射波束形成法可以在非均匀温度场中保持较高的定位精度,在机匣温度不均的航空发动机碰摩定位领域有良好的应用前景.      

CFD Study of NO_x Emissions in a Model Commercial Aircraft Engine Combustor

Air worthiness requirements of the aircraft engine emission bring new challenges to the combustor research and design. With the motivation to design high performance and clean combustor, computational fluid dynamics (CFD) is utilized as the powerful design approach. In this paper, Reynolds averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) equations of reactive two-phase flow in an experimental low emission combustor is performed. The numerical approach uses an implicit compressible gas solver together with a Lagrangian liquid-phase tracking method and the extended coherent flamelet model for turbulence-combustion interaction. The NOx formation is modeled by the concept of post-processing, which resolves the NOx transport equation with the assumption of frozen temperature distribution. Both turbulence-combustion interaction model and NOx formation model are firstly evaluated by the comparison of experimental data published in open literature of a lean direct injection (LDI) combustor. The test rig studied in this paper is called low emission stirred swirl (LESS) combustor, which is a two-stage model combustor, fueled with liquid kerosene (RP-3) and designed by Beihang University (BUAA). The main stage of LESS combustor employs the principle of lean prevaporized and premixed (LPP) concept to reduce pollutant, and the pilot stage depends on a diffusion flame for flame stabili-zation. Detailed numerical results including species distribution, turbulence performance and burning performance are qualita-tively and quantitatively evaluated. Numerical prediction of NOx emission shows a good agreement with test data at both idle condition and full power condition of LESS combustor. Preliminary results of the flame structure are shown in this paper. The flame stabilization mechanism and NOx reduction effort are also discussed with in-depth analysis.     

AVS-F observations of γ-ray emission during January 20, 2005 solar flare up to 140 MeV

The solar flare of January 20, 2005 (X7.1, 06:36–07:26 UT, maximum at 07:01 UT by the GOES soft X-ray data) was the most powerful one in January 2005 series. The AVS-F apparatus onboard CORONAS-F registered γ-emission during soft X-ray rising phase of this flare in two energy ranges of 0.1–20 MeV and 2–140 MeV. The highest γ-ray energy registered during this flare was ∼140 MeV. Six spectral features were registered in energy spectrum of this solar flare: annihilation + αα (0.4–0.6 MeV), ²⁴Mg + ²⁰Ne + ²⁸Si + neutron capture (1.7–2.3 MeV), ²¹Ne + ²²Ne + ¹⁶O + ¹²С (3.2–5.0 MeV), ¹⁶O (5.3–6.9 MeV), one from neutral pions decay (25–110 MeV) and one in energy band 15–21 MeV. Four of them contain typical for solar flares lines – annihilation, nuclear de-excitation and neutron capture at ¹H. Spectral feature caused by neutral pions decay was registered during several flares too. Some spectral peculiarities in the region of 15–21 MeV were first observed in solar flare energy spectrum.     

双环预混旋流低污染燃烧室数值研究

利用Fluent软件计算双环预混旋流(TAPS)低污染燃烧室三维两相喷雾燃烧流场,研究两种燃烧室结构和两种喷油方式对流场与燃烧性能的影响,采用标准k-ε模型模拟湍流黏性,离散相模型追踪油珠运动轨迹,燃烧模型采用非预混平衡化学反应模型.计算结果表明:在进口条件不变情况下,改进燃烧室结构和喷油方式,能提高出口温度,同时可大幅降低出口污染物排放;在相同试验条件下,TAPS低污染燃烧室燃烧性能优于目前某在研发动机模型燃烧室.      

基于CELMS数据的月球东海微波辐射特性研究

根据月壤(FeO+TiO2)含量数据和"嫦娥2号"卫星CELMS数据,对月球东海地区微波辐射特性进行了研究。结果表明,在东海内部(FeO+TiO2)含量较高的地区,其正午和午夜时刻的亮温值都比较高,亮温差值也比较大,但亮温及亮温差值的分布随频率变化呈现不均匀性;Maunder撞击坑的(FeO+TiO2)含量较低,但其低频和高频亮温及亮温差值的表现正好相反;区域F(约10°S/106°W)、G(约5°S/104°W)和以(13°S/103°W)为中心的区域的微波辐射存在明显异常。这些区域的微波辐射特性对研究东海地区的形成演化过程具有重要意义。