碳/碳多孔防热复合材料压缩性能研究

常见高性能热防护材料的力学性能较为薄弱,这成为了飞行器热防护系统发展的瓶颈。因此,如何设计热防护材料,使其具有良好隔热效果同时兼具足够的承载能力,成为当前的研究热点。本文针对碳/碳多孔防热复合材料进行了单轴压缩实验,获得了其压缩应力—应变曲线,研究了其压缩变形特征及相应的失效模式,并通过SEM观测变形前后的材料细观结构,分析了材料内部的细观变形机制,也为进一步建立表征材料内部细观结构特征的有限元模型和进行数值模拟研究奠定了实验基础。实验结果表明:材料内部纤维主要沿面内随机分布,呈现出明显的分层现象。受其结构的影响,该材料面内方向力学性能比厚度方向优越。     

加压预处理对软质聚酰亚胺泡沫力学性能的影响

为解决软质聚酰亚胺泡沫初始状态力学性能的不稳定性,采用Solimide~?AC-550聚酰亚胺泡沫分别进行不同加压方式及加压压力的预压处理,并对预压处理的试样进行拉伸和压缩性能测试。结果表明:负压预处理对该泡沫所造成的力学性能损伤比正压更大;且在+4 kPa预处理时,可使得该泡沫获得相对稳定的力学性能,满足工程应用的需求。     

不同预变形量T8态时效2195铝锂合金微观组织与强度贡献

以21 mm厚度2195铝锂合金板材为对象，研究了T8态时效时预变形量对其微观组织及力学性能的影响以及不同因素对屈服强度的贡献。结果表明：随着预变形量增大，时效时析出的T1相尺寸减小，数密度增大；而θ′相尺寸和数密度都减小。148 ℃/38 h时效时，预变形量从3%增加到15%，屈服强度由596 MPa增大到638 MPa，但伸长率由13.8%降低到10.7%。随着预拉伸量逐渐增大，时效析出相对屈服强度贡献逐渐降低，而加工硬化对屈服强度的贡献逐渐提高。合金的屈服强度取决于加工硬化和时效析出强化的共同作用。     

A visco-elastoplastic constitutive model of aircraft polymethylmethacrylate related to strain rate and temperature

The visco-elastoplastic mechanical behavior related to the applied strain rate and temperature around the glass transition temperature of Polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) has been systematically investigated. The uniaxial tensile test was performed at strain rate and temperature rangs 1.0 × 10⁻⁴–1.0 × 10⁻² s⁻¹ and 363–393 K, respectively, and the Dynamic Mechanical Analysis (DMA) test was carried out between 363 K and 413 K at various frequencies. Moreover, the robust complex constitutive model considering the temperature and strain rate effect is proposed. A nonlinear viscoelastic model is established to describe the viscoelastic response on the basis of the Zhu-Wang-Tang (ZWT) model and the time temperature equivalence principle, including the dependence of strain rate and temperature. Considering the yield stress, the cooperative model is adopted. The viscoplastic mechanical response is manifested as the competition performance of the softening deformation and hardening behavior. The predicted mechanical responses maintain good consistency with the experimental results, indicating that the visco-elastoplastic constitutive model proposed can accurately predict the mechanical behavior of PMMA materials within the imposed strain rate and near the glass transition temperature range.     

石墨填料对浸渗热解-熔融浸渗方法制备的C/SiC复合材料结构和性能的影响

采用石墨树脂浆料浸渍三维针刺碳毡增强体,热解后得到C/C多孔体,并采用反应熔体浸渗法制备C/SiC复合材料。研究了石墨填料对C/C多孔体的结构以及C/SiC复合材料力学性能的影响。结果表明,石墨树脂浆料浸渍时树脂填充束间小孔形成结构致密的亚结构单元,而石墨可以有效填充胎网层等大孔隙,一次浸渍热解后碳产率有效提高。所得C/SiC复合材料包括C、SiC和Si三相,由于亚结构单元的存在,熔融Si并未渗入纤维束内部,束内碳纤维未受损伤。片层石墨的存在使碳基体/石墨和纤维结合强度提高、纤维脱粘拔出阻力增大,从而使材料强度提高;而且石墨可以使裂纹在扩展时发生偏转,从而避免了复合材料脆性断裂,使其呈现出类似金属的伪塑性断裂行为。制备出的C/SiC复合材料的弯曲断裂强度为118 MPa,最大应变可达1.0%。     

装配间隙对顶盖环缝搅拌摩擦焊焊接质量的影响

结合超声波相控阵、金相观察、力学试验分析技术，研究了由于铣切角度不同产生的装配间隙对顶盖环缝搅拌摩擦焊焊缝质量及力学性能的影响。结果显示当铣切角差异带来的装配间隙大于1.30 mm时，焊缝中存在孔洞型体积缺陷，装配间隙越大，缺陷越严重；装配间隙的存在会使得焊缝的致密程度降低，焊缝的延伸率下降，并且在装配间隙大于1.30 mm时，焊缝的抗拉强度会发生大幅度地下降。     

焊透深度和前进侧位置对FSW 贮箱锁底接头性能的影响

开展了2219MCS 叉形环和2219C10S 短壳组成的锁底接头的搅拌摩擦焊工艺试验,详细分析了

搅拌针长度和前进侧位置对锁底接头Hook 型缺陷、力学性能、断裂方式的影响规律。结果表明:搅拌摩擦焊

锁底接头在短壳一侧存在Hook 型缺陷,短壳位于前进侧时的搭接界面上翘曲率和迁移量均大于叉形环位于

前进侧,且随着搅拌针长度的增加,搭接界面的向上迁移量逐渐增大。相同的焊透深度时,叉形环位于前进侧

的力学性能优于短壳位于前进侧;相同的前进侧位置时,随着焊透深度的逐渐增加,接头力学性能逐渐降低。

锁底接头搭接界面缺陷形貌及迁移量的变化是引起力学性能变化的主要原因。优化的试验结果显示,当焊透

深度和短壳板材厚度相同,且叉形环位于焊缝前进侧的力学性能最优,常温可达到300 MPa,低温可达到370

MPa,延伸率均超过3. 5%。锁底接头的拉伸断裂方式与焊缝前进侧位置密切相关。当短壳位于前进侧时,从

短壳一侧热力影响区断裂;当叉形环为前进侧时,从焊缝焊核区断裂。

     

尾翼盒段主承力结构用高温固化碳纤维复合材料性能应用研究

为了获得成套材料性能数据,为制件工艺性提供支持,并确定是否满足民用飞机设计和使用要求等,针对两组各三个批次的高温固化环氧树脂碳纤维复合材料,采用热压罐工艺制备,并对预浸料及层合板物理性能和3种环境条件下的基本层合板力学性能进行了研究。结果表明,两组预浸料树脂挥发份小,树脂流动度和凝胶时间适中,工艺性良好;该两组复合材料孔隙率小,纤维体积分数适中,耐温、耐湿热和界面粘结性能均较好,且M21体系复合材料的综合性能稍优于CYCOM 977-2体系复合材料,其结果均基本能满足某型民机尾翼盒段设计和使用要求,为该类材料的后续应用发展提供了依据。     

非周期性三维五向编织复合材料拉伸失效机理

以三维五向结构为研究对象,设计减纱工艺形成非周期性特征,进而制备碳纤维/环氧树脂三维五向编织非周期性结构复合材料。采用万能试验机与高速摄像机相结合的测试方式,获取非周期性结构拉伸力学行为及试验过程;在此基础上,通过高分辨率Micro-CT及SEM对非周期性结构试样破坏形貌进行观测,研究渐进损伤演化及最终失效机理,并与周期性结构的结果进行对比。研究表明:非周期性三维编织复合材料拉伸强度比相同结构参数周期性材料的测试值低16. 84%,损伤源于减纱处,形成了应力集中,最终破坏模式以纤维束抽拔断裂为主。该研究结果可为异型编织复合材料结构设计及强度分析提供依据。     

A three-equation transition model with mechanical considerations

A three-equation transition model based on the transition V-model is proposed for subsonic flows in this study. Considering the mechanical approximation of the generation process of the pre-transitional vorticities, the value of laminar Reynolds shear stress related to the mean shear deformation was calculated in the original transition V-model. Then a new transition model, named V-SA model, was proposed, which considered the phenomenological process of transition and presented great results for flows with and without pressure gradient. It is well-known that the baseline Shear Stress Transport (SST) turbulence model shows excellent performance of accuracy and robustness in plentiful flow cases, but it is important to predict boundary layer transition. The current model (V-SST) successfully couples the V-model to the SST turbulence model by introducing the effective turbulent viscosity and additional correction terms into the transport equations. A thorough evaluation of its ability to predict transition features is performed versus the well-documented flat plate of ERCOFTAC, including T3A and T3B without pressure gradient, T3L2 and T3L3 with semi-circular leading edge, the three-dimensional 6:1 prolate-spheroid under two angles of attack, and the NLR-7301 airfoil under different Mach numbers. Numerical results show that the current model has an attractive and superior performance in the simulation of boundary layer transition processes