Prediction of cutting forces in flank milling of parts with non-developable ruled surfaces

Predicting the cutting forces required for five-axis flank milling is a challenging task due to the difficulties involved in determining the Undeformed Chip Thickness(UCT) and CutterWorkpiece Engagement(CWE). To solve these problems, this paper presents a new mechanistic cutting force model based on the geometrical analysis of a flank milling process. In the model,the part feature and corresponding cutting location data are taken as input information. The UCT considering cutter runout is calculated according to the instantaneous feed rate of the element cutting edges. A solid-discrete-based method is used to precisely and efficiently identify the CWE between the end mill and the surface being machined. Then, after calibrating the specific force coef-ficients, the mechanistic milling force can be obtained. During the validation process, two practical operations, three-axis flank milling of a vertical surface and five-axis flank milling of a nondevelopable ruled surface, are conducted. Comparisons between predicted and measured cutting forces demonstrate the reliability of the proposed cutting force model.     

不同边界层厚度下高马赫数进气道自起动过程研究

为了探寻入口边界层厚度变化对高马赫数进气道自起动性能的影响,对简化的二元高马赫数进气道的加速自起动过程进行数值仿真研究,分析了边界层厚度对自起动过程中流场波系结构变化和自起动性能的影响机制,获得了不同边界层厚度下的进气道自起动性能及主分离包高度的变化规律。结果表明:随着边界层相对厚度从0.05增加至0.3,进气道的自起动马赫数一开始保持不变,然后快速增大;相同主流条件下,不起动流场跨越主分离包无量纲压升和主分离包高度随边界层相对厚度的增大均变小;边界层动量损失厚度和跨越主分离包无量纲压升对进气道起动性能影响重大。     

Guidepost-based autonomous orbit determination method for GEO satellite

Guidepost-based navigation system is a novel autonomous orbit determination method for the GEO satellite. The system is achieved by using the camera imaging function to obtain the guidepost images and the GNSS signal receiver to obtain the pseudoranges between the GEO and the navigation satellites. Due to the high altitude of GEO satellite and the time-varying sunlight condition in the space environment, it may be difficult to obtain object image points and the distance measurements of GNSS because of the weak visibility of the guideposts. To deal with the problem, a novel integrated orbit determination system is presented. The Earth landmarks, the in-orbit spacecraft and GNSS navigation satellites whose line-of-sights and the distance can be easily obtained are used at the same time as information for the GEO satellite navigation based on the observability conditions analysis. The observability of the GEO satellite navigation system is analyzed through the physical observability, the mathematical observability and the engineering observability through the observing geometry, the rank of observability matrix and the Cramer-Rao lower bound (CRLB) respectively. Besides, the maximum correntropy unscented Kalman filter (MCUKF) algorithm is applied to improve the estimation stability of the system in the presence of non-Gaussian noises. The simulation indicates the feasibility of the proposed scheme.     

用最大值原理求某无人机的最优上升轨迹

为改进某无人机飞行性能，应用最大值原理求解无人机在垂直平面内的最优上升轨迹，推导了无人机最经济爬升所满足的极值方程；并用此方程和最快爬升极值方程这两类目标函数求解了某无人机的最优上升轨迹，计算结果表明，经优化后的爬升轨迹可以节省燃油，延长无人机的续航时间或快速爬升到预定的终点高度具有较好的性能收益。     

几何非线性固体壳单元新列式的研究

通过定义广义应力，提出了一个改进的刚度矩阵，以克服固体壳元的厚度自锁问题；由一个基于广义应力的新的非线性变分泛函，推导了一个用于几何非线性分析的十八节点固体壳单元，精心选择低、高阶应力插值模式，保证二者正交，且对应于低阶项的刚度阵与减缩积分单元相当，对应高阶项的刚度阵用于克服单元的零能模式且可推得显式，从而显著提高了计算效率，此外该单元还拥有优秀的收敛性能，即使在非常大的载荷步下也能取得好的收敛结果。     

Geometry and size optimization of stiffener layout for three-dimensional box structures with maximization of natural frequencies

Based on the growth mechanism of natural biological branching systems and inspiration from the morphology of plant root tips, a bionic design method called Improved Adaptive Growth Method (IAGM) has been proposed in the authors’ previous research and successfully applied to the reinforcement optimization of three-dimensional box structures with respect to natural frequencies. However, as a kind of ground structure methods, the final layout patterns of stiffeners obtained by using the IAGM are highly subjected to their ground structures, which restricts the optimization effect and freedom to further improve the dynamic performance of structures. To solve this problem, a novel post-processing geometry and size optimization approach is proposed in this article. This method takes the former layout optimization result as start, and iteratively finds the optimal layout angles, locations, and lengths of stiffeners with a few design variables by optimizing the positions of some specific node lines called active node lines. At the same time, thicknesses of stiffeners are also optimized to further improve natural frequencies of three-dimensional box structures. Using this method, stiffeners can be successfully separated from their ground structures and further effectively improve natural frequencies of three-dimensional box structures with less material consumption. Typical numerical examples are illustrated to validate the effectiveness and advantages of the suggested method.     

航空发动机双层结构金属机匣的弹道试验

为研究航空发动机双层结构金属机匣在受叶片冲击时的包容性问题,利用滑膛炮试验系统对双层钛合金带不同间隙叠层靶板进行打靶弹道试验。通过28次有效的弹道试验发现:对比内层（迎弹面）、外层靶板厚度相同带间隙组合的试验结果,间隙越大靶板抗侵彻能力越差;对比不带间隙组合试验结果,内层较薄组合的抗侵彻能力强于内、外层厚度相同组合。采用商业有限元软件ANSYS/LS-DYNA对打靶试验进行了数值仿真,有限元仿真与试验结果吻合较好,并发现内层较薄组合的抗侵彻能力强于内层较厚组合,且两者均强于内、外层厚度相同组合;各个组合在没有间隙的情况下,弹道极限随叶片攻角增加而增加,但是速度曲线突增的攻角有所不同。无量纲靶厚决定了叶片冲击双层靶板的破坏模式。      

变壁厚气冷涡轮叶片结构参数化设计方法

叶片叶身截面内腔型线的光滑过渡是航空发动机变壁厚涡轮叶片结构设计的关键.为解决变壁厚插值在最大壁厚点处出现拐点而导致过渡不光滑的问题,提出变壁厚叶片结构设计方法即变壁厚抛物线插值法.该方法基于管道相交投影线拟合中弧线法,利用壁厚系数及其对应关系控制壁厚,实现变壁厚涡轮叶片结构参数化设计.设计实例结果表明:应用变壁厚抛物线插值法对不同壁厚气冷涡轮叶片进行结构设计,叶身截面内腔型线光滑,在最大壁厚点处不会出现拐点过渡.     

翼身厚度对小展弦比飞翼布局流动特性的影响

跨音速条件下,激波将导致大后掠飞翼布局出现激波/边界层干扰、激波/前缘涡干扰等复杂流动现象,对其流动特性、气动性能产生严重影响。本文采用数值模拟方法研究了跨音速时小展弦比飞翼布局流动特性随迎角的演化,并分析了翼身厚度对前缘涡流动的影响。计算结果表明:在无前缘涡区,翼身厚度在机头处引起侧洗作用,在尾部出现激波/边界层干扰现象,导致流动分离;在前缘涡发展区,翼身厚度的侧洗作用使飞翼模型前缘涡形成较晚,影响区域减小,但使其前缘涡发展较快,强度增大,在背风侧诱导的吸力增加,从而使前缘涡涡升力基本不变;同时,侧洗作用导致翼身背风侧激波位置前移,诱导前缘涡破裂,使涡破裂迎角大幅减小。本文研究为大后掠飞翼布局气动布局设计和流动机理分析提供了基础。     

人造硬壳层扩散作用的研究

主要研究人造硬壳层的扩散作用，运用有限元模拟的方法，在规范规定的基础上确定出了应力扩散角，且得出加肋梁后应力扩散角基本不变的结论。讨论了加肋梁后固化双层地基的硬壳层等效厚度，为工程应用提供参考。