A review of topology optimization for additive manufacturing: Status and challenges

Topology optimization was developed as an advanced structural design methodology to generate innovative lightweight and high-performance configurations that are difficult to obtain with conventional ideas. Additive manufacturing is an advanced manufacturing technique building as-designed structures via layer-by-layer joining material, providing an alternative pattern for complex components. The integration of topology optimization and additive manufacturing can make the most of their advantages and potentials, and has wide application prospects in modern manufacturing. This article reviews the main content and applications of the research on the integration of topology optimization and additive manufacturing in recent years, including multi-scale or hierarchical structural optimization design and topology optimization considering additive manufacturing constraints. Meanwhile, some challenges of structural design approaches for additive manufacturing are discussed, such as the performance characterization and scale effects of additively manufactured lattice structures, the anisotropy and fatigue performance of additively manufactured material, and additively manufactured functionally graded material issues, etc. It is shown that in the research of topology optimization for additive manufacturing, the integration of material, structure, process and performance is important to pursue high-performance, multi-functional and lightweight production. This article provides a reference for further related research and aerospace applications.     

Machining of SiC ceramic matrix composites: A review

Continuous fiber reinforced SiC ceramic matrix composites (FRCMCs-SiC) are currently the preferred material for hot section components, safety–critical components and braking components (in the aerospace, energy, transportation) with high value, and have triggered the demand for machining. However, the high brittleness, anisotropy, and heterogeneity of materials bring great challenges to machining, due to high mechanical and thermal loads, severe tool wear, and poor machining quality. With the increasing demand of FRCMCs-SiC parts, high-quality and high-efficient machining has become a hot issue. This review paper provides a detailed literature survey on the machining of FRCMCs-SiC. The material removal mechanism, defect form, and interfacial mechanical properties of FRCMCs-SiC were summarized. The machining processes of FRCMCs-SiC were introduced, and their respective advantages and disadvantages were compared. Given the low machinability (high hardness, high brittleness, anisotropy, and heterogeneity) of FRCMCs-SiC, preliminary experiments have proved that ultrasonic-assisted machining and laser-assisted machining have shown unique advantages in reducing force and tool wear, improving machining quality and machining efficiency. The machined surface integrity was discussed, the influence of process parameters on the machined surface quality was analyzed, and the machining defects of FRCMCs-SiC were summarized. But for FRCMCs-SiC, the existing quantitative evaluation of the machined surface integrity was weak and unsystematic.     

非线性添加剂对聚酰亚胺介电性能的影响

采用非线性添加剂对聚酰亚胺进行电导率改性,研究了改性前后介质的电导特性及其他介电性能,以及添加剂含量对聚酰亚胺复合介质材料电导特性的影响。结果表明,改性后的复合试样的体电导率随添加剂质量分数的变化而变化,当质量分数小于5%时,电导率略有下降,大于5%时显著上升。改性后的复合介质材料的非线性电导率特性变化显著。     

Progress of microgravity material research during the period of 2007—2009

Orbital experimental researches on crystal growth of Mn-doped GaSb and Bi2Se0.21Te2.79 are briefly summarized. The space experiments were completed in September of 2007 on broad the Foton-M3 satellite of Russia. Ground-based researches on the solidification behaviors of Al-Al3Ni, Al-Al2Cu, Ag-Cu eutectic, Al-Pb monotectic and Cu-Co peritectic alloys in a 50-meter-high drop tube were investigated. New experimental results on the ultrasonic field and the temperature recycling induced to chiral symmetry breaking of NaClO3 crystal also were reported in the present paper.      

含损伤粘弹性本构及其在有限元分析中的实现

为研究固体发动机药柱的损伤粘弹性行为,针对一种耦合损伤的三维非线性粘弹性本构模型,采用积分算法对其进行了数值离散,导出了本构方程的增量有限元形式.针对该增量型本构方程对应的非线性方程组,建立了采用Newton-Raphson迭代法求解的应力更新方法,并基于Abaqus软件和Fortran语言开发了相应材料本构子程序,最后应用算例对所设计数值方法及程序进行了验证与分析.结果表明,本文有限元解与对应解析解吻合良好,保持了很高的精度,所设计方法及程序有效,可应用于实际型号发动机药柱损伤结构分析.     

Design and performance of a vacuum-UV simulator for material testing under space conditions

This paper describes the construction and performance of a VUV-simulator that has been designed to study degradation of materials under space conditions. It is part of the Complex Irradiation Facility at DLR in Bremen, Germany, that has been built for testing of material under irradiation in the complete UV-range as well as under proton and electron irradiation. Presently available UV-sources used for material tests do not allow the irradiation with wavelengths smaller than about 115 nm where common Deuterium lamps show an intensity cut-off. The VUV-simulator generates radiation by excitation of a gas-flow with an electron beam. The intensity of the radiation can be varied by manipulating the gas-flow and/or the electron beam.     

复合材料飞机结构材料和设计许用值的确定方法

分析国内外复合材料飞机结构材料许用值、设计许用值的确定原则和方法,研究给出了复合材料结构材料许用值的表征和应用、试验以反试验数据的统计分析方法,以及静强度、疲劳强度、损伤容限和修理设计许用值的确定方法.     

电介质材料射频电参数校准系统的组建

在介绍电介质材料电参数测量方法的基础上,研究了电介质材料1MHz-1GHz射频电参数量值溯源和测量方案：采用自行研制谐振法校准装置和（射频Ⅰ-Ⅴ法和自动平衡电桥法）商用仪器组建电介质材料射频电参数校准系统。介绍了系统基本原理,阐述了谐振法校准装置电极系统结构设计特点,分析了校准系统的测量不确定度。     

网状BOM构造方法的分析与研究

目的提出了一种实用性较强的网状物料清单的构造方法。方法分析两种常用物料清单构造方法的优缺点,并且给出了网状物料清单在对象关系数据库中的实现方法。结果网状物料清单的构造方法适合于种类繁多且结构复杂的产品。结论网状物料清单在ERP系统的设计和开发中有着非常重要的意义。     

经纬仪坐标测量系统检测方法的研究

简要分析了国内外大尺寸坐标测量系统使用和检测研究现状,叙述了经纬仪测量系统的组成。测量方法和误差来源,根据我国使用现状和现有水平,提出了经纬仪测量系统性能参数、检测标准实物,适用于室内检测和现场检测,给出了室内大尺寸标准研制和现场标准实物研制的途径。