锯齿单元对起落架/舱体耦合噪声抑制试验

当前中国民用飞机高速发展，噪声排放问题受到广泛关注。在飞机起降阶段，飞行高度较低且处于机场附近，其噪声直接影响到机场地面周围环境。该阶段内起落架噪声占比较大，成为研究的重点。此外，起落架在收放过程中，除自身脱落涡产生的噪声外，当起落架舱门开启时，舱体空腔内产生自持性振荡噪声，与起落架噪声一起形成更为复杂的起落架+舱体耦合噪声，直接影响到整个着陆系统噪声水平，因此研究起落架与舱体耦合噪声产生机理和抑制措施显得尤为必要。以简化的起落架及其舱体为研究对象，提出一种低马赫数（0.2Ma/0.25Ma）条件下，利用前缘锯齿扰流单元对起落架/舱体耦合噪声进行抑制的方法，并在0.55 m×0.4 m航空声学风洞进行试验验证。首先，从起落架及其舱体耦合噪声产生原因进行分析，分别明确起落架和舱体在耦合噪声各个频段的贡献作用。随后，在舱体空腔前缘安装锯齿扰流单元，以改变自由来流状态，验证降噪措施；同时采用参数化研究方法，研究锯齿扰流单元不同偏角对降噪效果的影响。最后，将起落架模型安装于舱体空腔内，分析锯齿扰流单元对耦合噪声的抑制能力。研究结果表明，锯齿形扰流单元对舱体腔体噪声与起落架/舱体耦合噪声具有明显降低作用，在本试验条件下，30°安装角最佳。预期成果可以应用于起落架/舱体耦合降噪。     

Predicting lean blow-off of bluffbody stabilized flames based on Damköhler number

Lean Blow-Off(LBO) prediction is important to propulsion system design. In this paper,a hybrid method combining numerical simulation and Da(Damk?hler) model is proposed based on bluffbody stabilized flames. In the simulated reacting flow, Practical Reaction Zone(PRZ) is built based on OH radical concentration, and it is considered to be the critical zone that controls LBO.Da number is obtained based on the volume-averaged parameters of PRZ. The flow time scale(s_f)indicates the residence time of the fresh mixture flowing through the PRZ. It is obtained based on the characteristic length and volume-averaged axial velocity of the PRZ. The chemical time scale(s_c) indicates the shortest time needed to trigger the reaction of the mixture. It is obtained by commercial software CHEMKIN through monitoring the transient variation of the reactor temperature. The result shows that the average Da number under different LBO conditions is 1.135(the Da number under each LBO condition ranges from 0.673 to 1.351). This indicates that the flow time scale and chemical time scale are comparable. The combustion is in a critical state where LBO is easy to occur. With the increase of the fuel mass flow rate(the global fuel/air ratio increases from 0.004761 to 0.01095), s_f increases from 0.001268 s to 0.007249 s, and s_c decreases from 0.00124 s to0.00089 s. Accordingly, Da number increases from 1.023 to 8.145, which shows that the combustion becomes more stable. The above results show that the method proposed in the present study can properly predict the LBO limits of combustors, which provides important technical supports for combustor design and optimization.     

超声速混合层中边频扰动的气动声场

为研究超声速流动下混合层声辐射机理，提高对超声速混合层气动噪声的认识，利用抛物化稳定性方程(PSE)考察一对频率接近失稳扰动的非线性演化，分析近场差频扰动的演化特征，并结合Wu积分理论计算远场声辐射特性。结果表明，超声速混合层中频谱拓宽与差频扰动有关，差频扰动的产生，拓宽了远场马赫波辐射范围，增大了远场马赫波辐射强度。对于快模态扰动，差频扰动频率越小，其增长能力越强，远场马赫波辐射区域越宽；对于慢模态扰动，差频扰动频率大小对其增长能力影响不明显，远场马赫波辐射范围和强度变化不大。      

Experimental investigation of boundary layer transition over a delta wing at Mach number 6

An experimental study on the boundary layer transition over a delta wing was carried out at Mach number 6 in a quiet wind tunnel. The Nano-tracer-based Planar Laser Scattering (NPLS) and Temperature-Sensitive Paints (TSP) techniques were used to measure the fine flow field structure and the wall Stanton number of the delta wing. The influence of factors such as the angle of attack and the Reynolds number was studied. The following results were obtained. The boundary layer transition between the leading edge and the centerline was dominated by the crossflow instability. At the location of the initial appearance of the traveling crossflow waves, the Stanton number began to rise. The Stanton number reached a maximum when the crossflow waves were broken up to turbulence. Increasing the angle of attack increased the spanwise pressure gradient at the windward side of the delta wing, thereby increasing the crossflow instability and advancing the boundary layer transition front. However, increasing the angle of attack caused the transition front to move backward at the leeward side. In addition, the sensitivity of the boundary layer transition to the Reynolds number varied with the angle of attack and the region.     

碱金属引射下的高超声速尾流的数值模拟

高超声速化学非平衡尾流的分析与计算是空气动力学中的一个重要课题。本文采用二阶精度的中心差隐格式，求解了抛物化的Ｎ－Ｓ方程，得到了高空２０ＫＭ及６０ＫＭ非平衡尾流的数值解，研究了碱金属引射对尾流电子密度的影响。计算结果表明引射碱金属对尾流电子密度影响明显，尾流电子密度因此增加了１～３个量级。文中化学反应模型采用十组元模型，组元包括Ｏ２、Ｎ２、Ｏ、Ｎ、ＮＯ、ＮＯ＋、Ｏ－２、Ｎａ、Ｎ＋ａ以及ｅ－。     

FL-7风洞M数的模糊控制方法

FL 7风洞是以三台航空发动机为动力的跨音速风洞 ,通过调节发动机转速、柔壁及旁路活门开度来实现对M数的控制。影响M数的因素较多 ,很难建立精确的数学模型 ,为了提高M数控制速度和精度 ,在新改造的FL 7风洞测控系统中 ,采用了模糊控制、自学习等控制策略 ,取得了良好的效果。笔者对控制方法和控制规则作了介绍。     

亚、跨、超音速风洞控制系统

利用ＰＣ总线工业控制计算机及有关功能组件，组成ＨＧ－４亚、跨、超音速风洞控制系统，实现超音速总压Ｐ０及亚、跨音速马赫数Ｍ自动调节，进一步提高吹风过程自动化。     

尾旋模型自由飞试验的尺度效应问题初探

本文论述了研究尾旋模型自由飞试验所出现的尺度效应问题,对建立模型自由飞试验与飞机飞行试验之间相关性有重要意义;分析了尺度效应对模型自由飞失速/尾旋试验的影响;提出了一种考虑模型自由飞失速/尾旋试验尺度效应的工程估算方法。     

三维流场的计算干涉方法

计算干涉技术通过试验图像和计算图像相比较，可以验证CFD的有效性，是研究复杂流场的有力工具。作者根据M-Z干涉仪的光学成像原理，用计算机仿真实现了将数值计算获得的二维、轴对称和三维的复杂流体的密度场转换为“无限条纹”和“有限条纹”的干涉图像，尤其是在处理三维流场时，采用流场重构的方法，达到了很好的效果。     

动态法测量飞行器气动静稳定性的研究

本文介绍了风洞中进行模型气动阻尼特性试验的同时,获取飞行器气动静稳定性数据的基本原理。根据动态试验的频率数据,计算了五种再入外形的俯仰力矩系数的攻角导数,并与五座风洞中得到的大量静态试验数据做了比较。表明由动态法获得的静稳定性数据是可信的;并且易于观察粘性对稳定性的影响;在零攻角(或配平角)附近,动态法比静态法显示出更多的合理性。