Lower ionosphere response to external forcing: A brief review

There are two ways of external forcing of the lower ionosphere, the region below an altitude of about 100 km: (1) From above, which is directly or indirectly of solar origin. (2) From below, which is directly or indirectly of atmospheric origin. The external forcing of solar origin consists of two general factors – solar ionizing radiation variability and space weather. The solar ionization variability consist mainly from the 11-year solar cycle, the 27-day solar rotation and solar flares, strong flares being very important phenomenon in the daytime lower ionosphere due to the enormous increase of the solar X-ray flux resulting in temporal terminating of MF and partly LF and HF radio wave propagation due to heavy absorption of radio waves. Monitoring of the sudden ionospheric disturbances (SIDs – effects of solar flares in the lower ionosphere) served in the past as an important tool of monitoring the solar activity and its impacts on the ionosphere. Space weather effects on the lower ionosphere consist of many different but often inter-related phenomena, which govern the lower ionosphere variability at high latitudes, particularly at night. The most important space weather phenomenon for the lower ionosphere is strong geomagnetic storms, which affect substantially both the high- and mid-latitude lower ionosphere. As for forcing from below, it is caused mainly by waves in the neutral atmosphere, i.e. planetary, tidal, gravity and infrasonic waves. The most important and most studied waves are planetary and gravity waves. Another channel of the troposphere coupling to the lower ionosphere is through lightning-related processes leading to sprites, blue jets etc. and their ionospheric counterparts. These phenomena occur on very short time scales. The external forcing of the lower ionosphere has observationally been studied using predominantly ground-based methods exploiting in various ways the radio wave propagation, and by sporadic rocket soundings. All the above phenomena are briefly mentioned and some of them are treated in more detail.     

一种梁板复合结构的设计

对某卫星主结构中应用的一种新型的复合材料结构形式——梁板复合结构进行了设计、分析与试验。首先通过整星分析,设计了梁板复合结构,并为其设计了试验件进行研制试验。同时,利用有限元软件PATRAN和NASTRAN建立了三种模型:二维板壳模型、三维板壳模型和三维实体模型,通过比较试验结果与分析结果,修正了分析模型,并找出了合理的分析方法。试验结果表明,设计的梁板复合结构满足了既定的强度要求。     

Calculation of an unsteady jet flow around the plate cascade

In the framework of the general theory for unsteady weakly disturbed fluid flows with free boundaries, a problem is solved to calculate a jet flow around the cascade of plates executing the harmonic oscillations. We developed a program that enables us for the first time to carry out systematic calculations of flow characteristics depending on arbitrary values of determining parameters.     

Acceleration sensors based modal identification and active vibration control of flexible smart cantilever plate

Some flexible appendages of spacecrafts, such as solar panels, are cantilever plate structures. Thus, vibration problem is unavoidable when there is slewing maneuver or external disturbance excitation. Vibration of such cantilever plate structures includes coupled bending and torsional motion. Furthermore, the low amplitude vibration near the equilibrium point is very difficult to be quickly suppressed due to nonlinear factors of the hardware in the system, which is harmful to stability and attitude control accuracy. To solve these problems, acceleration sensor-based modal identification and active vibration control methods are presented for the first two bending and the first two torsional modes vibration of the cantilever plate. Optimal placements of three acceleration sensors and PZT patches actuators are performed to decouple the bending and torsional vibration of such cantilever plate for sensing and actuating, and identifications are achieved by experiments. A nonlinear control method is presented to suppress both high and low amplitude vibrations of flexible smart cantilever plate significantly. Experimental comparison researches are conducted by using acceleration proportional feedback and the presented nonlinear control algorithms. The experimental results demonstrate that the presented acceleration sensor-based methods can suppress the vibration of cantilever plate effectively.     

复杂空冷叶片换热特性研究

为了深入了解空冷透平动叶的冷却机理和冷气流动特性,对某重型燃机透平动叶进行了气-热耦合数值模拟。结果表明,叶尖开孔可以促进冷气在蛇形通道中的流动,改善冷却效果;涡流矩阵通道中子通道的宽度与高度比减小会加大涡流矩阵通道中的流动阻力,从而改变冷却的效果,其宽高比与冷气进口条件存在一个最佳组合关系;涡流矩阵通道结构与叶尖之间的间隙会降低冷气的利用率。     

基于主动约束层阻尼控制的大型挠性航天器动力学模型

以大型挠性航天器简化模型——中心刚体和固接板混合系统为对象,同时考虑板表面粘贴的主动约束层阻尼结构,根据拟坐标拉格朗日方程,建立了包含所有高阶小量的完整动力学模型。建模时,采用混合坐标描述中心刚体和主动约束阻尼板的运动,用Golla-Hughes-Mctavish模型描述阻尼材料的复模量。基于该动力学模型可进行空间柔性板振动的主动约束阻尼控制器设计和大型挠性航天器的姿态动力学研究。     

无动量亏损尾迹的实验研究

采用尾缘吹气的流动控制技术,改善静子尾迹区流动.使用热线风速仪对静子尾迹区在不同吹气量下的轴向速度进行了测量,得到了在纯尾迹、弱尾迹、无动量亏损尾迹和射流这4种工况下尾迹区的轴向速度分布、中心点速度频谱图以及尾迹特征长度沿流动方向的变化.实验测量结果表明,无动量亏损尾迹和纯尾迹工况相比改善了静子出口速度的均匀性,并改变了涡脱落特性.无动量亏损尾迹特征长度与x0.35成正比关系,而纯尾迹时的特征长度沿轴向与x0.37成正比关系变化.     

冷却介质在层板内流动特性研究(第二部分 数值模拟复杂结构内流场)

用商业软件模拟复杂层板中冷却介质流动特性,以粒子图像速度(PIV)测量技术获得的实验数据,验证所选择的数学模型和数值方法.实验是在确定的径高比1及入口雷诺数4.1×104下进行的.用验证的数学模型及数值方法,向上下扩展雷诺数至2.05×104及8.2×104,改变层板径高比至0.5及2.0, 模拟这两个参数变化对层板内冷却介质流场的影响.模拟结果指出:在相同的径高比下,入口雷诺数的改变对层板内冷却介质流动特性影响很小;相反在相同的入口雷诺数下,径高比改变对层板内冷却介质流动特性有明显的影响.     

抑制复原图像振铃波纹的频域循环边界算法

提出了一种基于Wiener滤波的频域循环边界复原算法,并给出了有效的规整化表达式和信噪比估算方法.复原算法首先将原观测图像按反射对称的方式延拓,形成一个新的观测图像(称为延拓图像);然后,用Wiener滤波算法复原延拓图像,并取延拓图像的复原图像的主值序列作为原观测图像的复原图像.对延拓图像在频域进行复原处理时,需要使用FFT(Fast Fourier Transform)技术,将延拓图像进行周期延拓,因其结合边界在垂直方向上的梯度为零,且边界平滑满足微分条件,抑制了复原图像的振铃波纹.复原过程中,将噪声与原始图像的功率谱之比规整化为原观测图像信噪比的函数.实验结果表明,该算法对周边区域梯度变化较大的观测图像复原效果较好.      

基于改进Sobel算子的边缘检测车牌定位方法

车牌定位是自动识别的关键步骤,而在整个车牌定位过程中,边缘检测是其中的一项重要环节和关键技术。文中在分析了目前常用的边缘检测方法后,给出了一种基于Sobel算子的改进边缘检测方法。实验结果证明具有较好的检测效果。