气核尺寸对气液同轴离心式喷嘴自激振荡的影响

为了研究气核尺寸对气液同轴离心式喷嘴自激振荡的影响,采用水和空气作为模拟介质,开展了室压条件下冷态喷雾试验。通过试验分析了气核尺寸较大时气液同轴离心式喷嘴自激振荡的喷雾形态,与文献中气核尺寸较小时的喷雾形态进行对比发现气核尺寸不同时,该类喷嘴自激振荡的喷雾形态不同,气核尺寸较大时呈"圣诞树"型分布,气核尺寸较小时呈"串"型分布。气核尺寸对气液同轴离心式喷嘴自激振荡的产生机理有显著影响,由于自激振荡产生机理的不同,喷嘴缩进长度对自激振荡的影响也不同,气核尺寸较大时自激振荡频率随着喷嘴缩进长度呈复杂变化特征,气核尺寸较小时喷嘴缩进长度对自激振荡频率没有影响。气液同轴离心式喷嘴自激振荡频率为2~4kHz,与燃烧室一阶振型接近,喷雾自激振荡可能会诱发燃烧室不稳定燃烧。     

A theoretical model of semi-elliptic surface crack growth

A theoretical model of semi-elliptic surface crack growth based on the low cycle strain damage accumulation near the crack tip along the cracking direction and the Newman–Raju formula is developed. The crack is regarded as a sharp notch with a small curvature radius and the process zone is assumed to be the size of cyclic plastic zone. The modified Hutchinson, Rice and Rosengren(HRR) formulations are used in the presented study. Assuming that the shape of surface crack front is controlled by two critical points: the deepest point and the surface point.The theoretical model is applied to semi-elliptic surface cracked Al 7075-T6 alloy plate under cyclic loading, and five different initial crack shapes are discussed in present study. Good agreement between experimental and theoretical results is obtained.     

激波聚焦诱导气液两相爆震燃烧的数值模拟

对以激波聚焦和增加障碍物方式诱导煤油-空气气液两相爆震燃烧的过程进行了数值模拟.采用欧拉-拉格朗日方法建立了脉冲爆震发动机(PDE)中气液两相流的喷射、雾化、掺混过程.研究发现环形爆震波在爆震管凹腔内经过反射、汇聚后能够引燃可燃混合物.而在障碍物处,激波的反射和再反射聚焦能够形成高温高压点(2700K,25MPa),产生局部爆炸,有助于形成稳定的脉冲爆震燃烧(波面速度为1900m/s,温度为2 950K),有效地缩短由缓燃向爆震转变(DDT)距离至0.45m.     

不同热值生物燃料燃烧特性数值模拟

采用标准k-ε湍流模型、涡耗散湍流燃烧模型、P-1辐射传热模型对二维简化燃烧室燃料甲烷气、沼气、生物质气的燃烧特性进行了数值模拟.通过比较不同截面的燃烧情况,分析燃烧室内的温度分布、NOx质量分数分布、流场结构,研究了不同热值燃料的燃烧特性.结果表明:在入口空气、燃料质量流量相同的条件下,随着燃料热值降低,燃烧温度降低,温度分布更均匀,NOx排放量减少,流动速度降低;适当调节余气系数,能改善燃烧效果,温度分布仍满足高热值燃料燃烧温度高于低热值燃料燃烧温度的规律;在生物燃料混合气中掺入不同热值的可燃成分,可改变混合气的热值,恰当的混合比例能更好地发挥生物燃料的作用.     

钝体改进结构对先进旋涡燃烧室燃烧流动特性影响

为探究先进旋涡燃烧室凹腔稳焰机制,提出了一种后钝体结构改进方案,并对改进后的燃烧室燃烧特性进行了预混和非预混燃烧数值模拟.结果表明:预混燃烧条件下,当量比为0.6和1.0时,钝体改进结构可有效增强凹腔内旋涡流动强度,增加凹腔内温度,同时使温度分布更加均匀.另外,凹腔内温度随预混进气速度增加而增加,且当速度增大到一定值时,温度变化不明显;非预混燃烧条件下,钝体改进结构可改善凹腔内旋涡流动及温度分布,在贫油燃烧状态时,凹腔内仍可维持较高的温度;钝体改进使燃烧室质量更小,具有一定的工程参考意义.     

轻质隔热纳米孔结构耐烧蚀酚醛材料

在一定温度下,通过改性剂组分与热固性钡酚醛树脂之间热共聚反应,制备了改性酚醛树脂。采
用模压工艺制备出具有目标尺寸和形状的改性酚醛树脂固化物,对该样品分别进行了400 和700℃的炭化处
理,得到了相应的酚醛炭化样品,并测试其密度、失重率、收缩率等特征参数。研究改性剂用量对碳化物特征参
数和性能的影响,如密度、失重率形貌、比表面积、隔热性能、压缩强度等。SEM 研究表明,700℃炭化后样品形
成了“珊瑚状”碳结构,形成了30 ~150 nm 纳米孔。比表面积测试(BET)结果表明其比表面积可达464 m2 / g。
隔热性能与力学性能的测试结果表明,相对于未改性酚醛树脂碳化物,改性酚醛碳化物的热导率降低了
45． 57%,并且保持了较好的压缩强度。     

不同旋流情况对旋转流线涡燃烧室性能的影响

为探究不同旋流器位置和数目对航空发动机燃烧室性能的影响规律,运用FLUENT软件,采用计算流体力学法对某旋转流线涡燃烧室冷态流场和燃烧性能进行了研究。结果表明:相比于其他位置,旋流器距离燃烧室头部为88 mm时流线涡更稳定、更不易脱落,且燃烧效率最高,火焰长度也最短,燃烧效果最理想;旋流器数量的改变对压力损失和火焰长度的影响并不明显,但3个旋流器产生的涡范围更大,且会使空气与燃料掺混得更好,壁面温度场更加理想,燃烧性能更好。     

气体自发光在高超声速流场显示中的应用

提出了利用高焓气体自发光作为高超声速流场显示的方法，介绍了在使用高焓运行的激波风洞中，对二维模型的高超声速绕流流场使用此种方法的初步结果，可观察到二维棱形柱的尾流和马赫波的相交。结果表明此种方法不需外加光源，对于结构限制无法设置透明部件的模型，无疑是简单可行的。     

One-to-one relationship between low latitude whistlers and conjugate source lightning discharges and their propagation characteristics

One-to-one relation with its causative lightning discharges and propagation features of night-time whistlers recorded at low-latitude station, Allahabad (geomag. lat. 16.05°N, L = 1.08), India, from continuous observations made during 1–7 April, 2011 have been studied. The whistler observations were made using the Automatic Whistler Detector (AWD) system and AWESOME VLF receiver. The causative lightning strikes of whistlers were checked in data provided by World-Wide Lightning Location Network (WWLLN). A total of 32 whistlers were observed out of which 23 were correlated with their causative lightnings in and around the conjugate location (geom. lat. 9.87°S) of Allahabad. A multi-flash whistler is also observed on 1 April with dispersions 15.3, 17.5 and 13.6 s^1/2. About 70% (23 out of 32) whistlers were correlated with the WWLLN detected causative lightnings in the conjugate region which supports the ducted mode of propagation at low latitude. The multi-flash and short whistlers also propagated most likely in the ducted mode to this station.     

A combined turbulent combustion model in studying a lean flameout process

A modification of the Zimont turbulent combustion model is presented; the modification makes it possible to describe processes in diffusion and homogeneous flame fronts as well as to take into account the influence of different factors that cause flame destabilization. The model is based on the equation for a reaction completeness extent (completeness of combustion). The model realization to simulate the premixed combustion is described and the modification of the turbulent combustion model is applied to simulate a process of flameout downstream of the flameholder.