Assessment study of ionosphere correction model using single- and multi-shell algorithms approach over sub-Saharan African region

It is a known fact that ionosphere is the largest and the least predictable among the sources of error limiting the reliability and accuracy of Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) and its regional augmentation systems like Satellite Based Augmentation System (SBAS) in a safety-of-life application. The situation becomes worse in the Equatorial Ionization Anomaly (EIA) region, where the daytime ionization distribution is modified by the fountain effect that develops a crest of electron density at around ±15° to ±20° of the magnetic equator and a trough at the magnetic equator during the local noon hours. Related to this phenomenon is the appearance of ionosphere irregularities and plasma bubbles after local sunset. These may degrade further the quality of service obtained from the GNSS/SBAS system of the said periods. Considering the present operational augmentation systems, the accuracy and integrity of the ionosphere corrections estimate decreases as the level of disturbances increases. In order to provide a correct ionosphere correction to the user of GNSS operating in African EIA region and meet the integrity requirements, a certified ionosphere correction model that accurately characterizes EIA gradient with the full capacity to over-bound the residual error will be needed. An irregularities detector and a decorrelation adaptor are essential in an algorithm usable for African sub-Saharan SBAS operation. The algorithm should be able to cater to the equatorial plasma vertical drifts, diurnal and seasonal variability of the ionosphere electron density and also should take into account the large spatial and temporal gradients in the region. This study presents the assessment of the ionosphere threat model with single and multi-layer algorithm, using modified planar fit and Kriging approaches.     

Effects of in-track maneuver on Sun illumination conditions of near-circular low Earth orbits

By developing approximate analytical models considering the J₂ perturbation, the effects of an in-track maneuver on the orbital Sun illumination conditions of near-circular low Earth orbits are analyzed. First, two approximate models for the variations in orbital sunshine angles are developed, one for variations at a given time and the other for variations at a given argument of latitude. Next, two approximate models for variations in orbital arc in Earth shadow are developed, one considers the small eccentricity and the other uses the zero eccentricity. Finally, the developed approximate models are applied to analyzing the Sun illumination conditions of a typical in-track maneuver mission on a near-circular low Earth orbit. From the results obtained, three major conclusions can be drawn. First, the variations in orbital sunshine angles at a given time may reach tens of degrees when the drifting time reaches hundreds of orbital periods, and the approximate model for that situation cannot effectively approach the numerical results. Second, the variations in orbital sunshine angles for any given argument of latitude are only a couple of degrees even when the drifting time reaches 500 orbital periods, and the approximation model developed can effectively approach the numerical results. Third, for variations in orbital arc in Earth shadow, the approximate model considering the small eccentricity has simple expressions and can effectively approach the numerical results; in contrast, the approximate model using the zero eccentricity has relatively worse precision.     

孔挤压强化工艺参数对GH4169高温合金疲劳寿命影响分析

为探究孔挤压强化工艺参数对镍基高温合金GH4169低周疲劳寿命的影响规律,首先建立了经试验验证的孔挤压强化后GH4169带孔平板低周疲劳寿命模型,在此基础上研究了600℃、820MPa、应力比0.1条件下挤压量、前导角、后导角、摩擦因数、芯棒材料等典型工艺参数对孔挤压强化后疲劳寿命的影响规律。结果表明：提高挤压量能明显提升疲劳寿命,但过大的挤压量会导致疲劳寿命下降;增加前导角有助于改善挤入面疲劳寿命;后导角对疲劳寿命没有影响;摩擦因数的提高会对孔挤压强化效益产生负面影响;芯棒材料的屈服强度应大于被挤压材料。     

用两颗GPS卫星确定低轨卫星轨道的初值方法

研究了用两颗全球定位系统（ＧＰＳ）卫星粗略确定低轨卫星轨道的问题,并着重讨论了其中的初值问题,给出了一种有效的初值方法。实验结果证明：这种方法能给出一个确定的、实用的初值,大大减少了初轨计算的计算量,并使得算法收敛更加有保障。在工程实用方面比传统的猜测方法具有较大的优势。     

原子氧对航天器表面材料作用的数值模拟

对氏地球轨道环境对航天器表面材料的影响和航天器表面材料的低地球轨道环境寿命评定方法进行了介绍;并对低地球轨道环境和地面试验环境下,有无保护涂层的业胺所受冲蚀作用进行了成功的数值模拟,获得了具有工程应用价值的数值计算结果。该工作对航天器的设计具有指导意义。     

发烟机动力装置的试验研究

简要介绍了发烟机及其动力装置,研究并改进了ＷＱＪ－１型小型航空发动机,使之成为满足发烟要求的动力装置。确定了该发动机在新状态下的参数及结构,进行了发烟机的雾油发烟实验,得到了雾油发烟对发动机的影响及影响程度。实验结果表明：将ＷＱＪ－１型小发动机改为发烟机动力装置是可行的。对发烟机的型号研制和扩展小型航空发动机的使用范围有积极促进作用。     

文氏管出口张角对旋流杯性能的影响研究

为了研究文氏管出口张角对旋流杯综合性能的影响,对不同文氏管出口张角的双级旋流杯开展了流量特性、下游流场和雾化性能试验,并借助仿真对试验结果进行了分析。结果表明:文氏管出口张角对旋流杯流量以及流量系数无显著影响。回流区外侧扩张锥面轴向速度随出口张角的增大先增后减。出口张角的存在可增大文氏管出口湍动能,强化两级旋流气体之间相互剪切作用进而改善雾化性能,存在一个最佳的角度(本文研究参数范围内,该值为56°)使得液雾平均粒径最小且液滴尺寸分布最均匀。拟合了关于文氏管结构的可用于预估双级旋流杯SMD值的模型公式,预估值与试验值吻合较好,相对误差小于20%。     

低空逃逸小RCS目标PD雷达探测技术C

雷达面临的挑战之一是来自于对低空逃逸微弱目标的探测。现代军事逐渐向低空领域扩展,超低空逃逸技术也在日益发展,促使对低空逃逸微弱目标检测技术研究的地位日益提升。雷达对低空微弱目标进行下视探测时,目标的低空和超低空飞行致使雷达接收的回波功率变弱,被淹没在强烈的背景杂波中。与传统脉冲多普勒PD（Pulse-Doppler）雷达不同,合成宽带脉冲多普勒雷达可以同时实现距离和速度的二维高分辨,并且具备良好的相参性和抗干扰性能。针对低空飞行目标的特点进行定性定量分析,对探测所遇到的杂波环境进行仿真验证,提供了一种基于合成宽带脉冲多普勒雷达低空逃逸小雷达截面积RCS目标的探测方法,并对参数设计进行优化分析,降低漏探概率。     

基于VOF方法分析离心式喷嘴结构参数对性能影响

基于两相界面追踪流体体积(volume of fluid,简称VOF)方法模拟了离心式喷嘴内部的流动过程,在数值方法可靠性验证基础上,得到了15个喷嘴构型的流量系数、液膜厚度以及雾化锥角.定义无量纲影响因子η,比较喷嘴结构参数对喷嘴性能的影响程度.除了喷嘴直径和旋流室直径外,重点研究了出口扩张角、等直段长径比等结构参数的影响,通过与试验相对比,综合以往经验公式,得到如下结论:增大旋流室长度,能够增大雾化锥角;在喷嘴出口增加扩张角,能够显著地减小液膜厚度,减小雾化锥角;增大切向口距喷嘴顶部距离,能够改善喷嘴性能;切向口个数和等直段长度对喷嘴性能影响不大.该工作为下一步优化喷嘴构型打下了基础.      

旋流杯燃烧室头部流场与喷雾对贫油熄火的影响

对两种不同的燃烧室头部(三旋流杯头部为A型、双旋流杯头部为B型)进行了研究。对有两种头部的燃烧室进行了冷态流场的数值模拟,用粒子动态分析仪(PDA)测量了两种头部的速度场和喷雾场,结合慢车工况的贫油熄火试验结果进行了分析。结果表明:A型头部喷雾的索太尔平均直径(SMD)和均匀度能满足燃烧室的性能要求,比B型头部的要好,但其贫熄特性不理想。而B型头部的贫熄特性好于A型;A型头部的内旋流器气流流通量应减小一些,以利于喷嘴端部低压区的形成,这样有可能进一步降低贫油熄火油气比。