Cosmological Shock Waves

Large-scale structure formation, accretion and merging processes, AGN activity produce cosmological gas shocks. The shocks convert a fraction of the energy of gravitationally accelerated flows to internal energy of the gas. Being the main gas-heating agent, cosmological shocks could amplify magnetic fields and accelerate energetic particles via the multi-fluid plasma relaxation processes. We first discuss the basic properties of standard single-fluid shocks. Cosmological plasma shocks are expected to be collisionless. We then review the plasma processes responsible for the microscopic structure of collisionless shocks. A tiny fraction of the particles crossing the shock is injected into the non-thermal energetic component that could get a substantial part of the ram pressure power dissipated at the shock. The energetic particles penetrate deep into the shock upstream producing an extended shock precursor. Scaling relations for postshock ion temperature and entropy as functions of shock velocity in strong collisionless multi-fluid shocks are discussed. We show that the multi-fluid nature of collisionless shocks results in excessive gas compression, energetic particle acceleration, precursor gas heating, magnetic field amplification and non-thermal emission. Multi-fluid shocks provide a reduced gas entropy production and could also modify the observable thermodynamic scaling relations for clusters of galaxies.     

燃料分级对旋流火焰的动态特性影响研究---“两机”专刊

为深入研究分级旋流火焰特性,本文以分级旋流模型燃烧室为研究对象,对四个不同燃料分级比(FSR)条件下的分级旋流火焰进行了数值研究,在时均燃烧场特性分析的基础上进一步对燃料分级比为1和3两个工况进行了大涡模拟(WMLES)研究。结果表明：燃料分级比的改变会影响中心回流区(CRZ)的长度和宽度。燃烧室中截面的散点分布图能够显示出不同燃料分级比条件下的燃烧特征。燃料分级比为1时,燃烧室剪切层仅存在零散的涡破碎区;而燃料分级比为3时,伴随涡破碎区还出现了单螺旋分支进动涡核(PVC)。通过FFT变换获得的燃烧室内剪切层速度能谱主频与进动涡核的旋转频率相同,表明内剪切层速度脉动的产生与进动涡核有关。另外进动涡核会使流场内的燃料分布和燃烧模式发生周期性的变化,进而影响燃烧过程。调整燃料分级比在1附近,能够使分级火焰达到稳定燃烧降低排放的目标。     

大角速度柔性航天器动力学模型修正

将拉格朗日方程及其准坐标形式用于中心刚体加柔性附件航天器的拉格朗日函数,推导了中心刚体加柔性附件航天器动力学模型。针对航天器大角速度,分析中心刚体角速度对角动量方程的影响,对传统动力学模型进行修正。航天器绕惯量主轴大角速度自旋仿真结果验证了修正后的动力学模型对于大角速度航天器的有效性。     

Research on uncertainty in measurement assisted alignment in aircraft assembly

Operations in assembling and joining large size aircraft components are changed to novel digital and flexible ways by digital measurement assisted alignment.Positions and orientations（P＆O）of aligned components are critical characters which assure geometrical positions and relationships of those components.Therefore,evaluating the P＆O of a component is considered necessary and critical for ensuring accuracy in aircraft assembly.Uncertainty of position and orientation（U-P＆O）,as a part of the evaluating result of P＆O,needs to be given for ensuring the integrity and credibility of the result;furthermore,U-P＆O is necessary for error tracing and quality evaluating of measurement assisted aircraft assembly.However,current research mainly focuses on the process integration of measurement with assembly,and usually ignores the uncertainty of measured result and its influence on quality evaluation.This paper focuses on the expression,analysis,and application of U-P＆O in measurement assisted alignment.The geometrical and algebraical connotations of U-P＆O are presented.Then,an analytical algorithm for evaluating the multi-dimensional U-P＆O is given,and the effect factors and characteristics of U-P＆O are discussed.Finally,U-P＆O is used to evaluate alignment in aircraft assembly for quality evaluating and improving.Cases are introduced with the methodology.     

多喷管燃气降噪方案可行性数值研究

根据燃气射流噪声的发声机理及辐射特性,提出了采用多喷管代替单喷管进行降噪的方案。以四喷管为例,构建相应的物理及计算模型,综合运用三维大涡模拟得到的近场瞬态流场数据与FW-H面积分相结合的计算气动声学方法,对射流流场及声学特性进行数值研究。通过与单喷管对比,得出多喷管结构在保证发动机质量流率及推力性能的前提下,降低了整个观测区域的噪声,尤其是射流下游,并且还改变了噪声辐射的指向性,起到了明显的降噪效果,验证了该方案的可行性。     

大尺寸弹丸喷丸成形2024-T351铝合金表面质量研究

针对2024-T351铝合金进行直径3mm大弹丸喷丸成形及直径0.58mm小弹丸喷丸强化试验,观测试样在不同喷丸参数下的表面形貌,并对表层显微硬度及残余应力分布进行测试,为整体壁板喷丸成形的工艺设计提供重要依据。     

Bayesian linking of geosynchronous orbital debris tracks as seen by the Large Synoptic Survey Telescope

We describe a Bayesian sampling model for linking and constraining orbit models from angular observations of “streaks” in optical telescope images. Our algorithm is particularly suited to situations where the observation times are small fractions of the orbital periods of the observed objects or when there is significant confusion of objects in the observation field. We use Markov Chain Monte Carlo to sample from the joint posterior distribution of the parameters of multiple orbit models (up to the number of observed tracks) and parameters describing which tracks are linked with which orbit models. Using this algorithm, we forecast the constraints on geosynchronous (GEO) debris orbits achievable with the planned Large Synoptic Survey Telescope (LSST). Because of the short 15 s exposure times, preliminary orbit determinations of GEO objects from LSST will have large and degenerate errors on the orbital elements. Combined with the expected crowded fields of GEO debris it will be challenging to reliably link orbital tracks in LSST observations given the currently planned observing cadence.     

SINS基于非线性量测的大失准角初始对准算法

针对陆用捷联惯导系统(SINS)大失准角初始对准问题,提出一种基于二阶非线性量测的二阶泰勒级数展开的初始对准算法。首先,将大失准角非线性对准问题,转化为具有线性系统方程和二阶非线性量测方程的滤波问题。然后,设计基于二阶非线性量测方程的二阶泰勒级数展开的滤波算法,可以在任意姿态和无初值条件下进行初始对准和参数估计。最后进行车载对准试验,结果表明,新算法可以在300s内完成实现大失准角初始对准,对准精度与传统分段对准算法相当。     

飞机大部件装配能力测算方法研究

针对具有典型离散型制造特征的飞机大部件结构装配能力测算问题,以其下级部段件为研究单位,分析了部段装配能力随工艺方案、操作熟练度、倒班模式、制造资源以及一般能力社会化等因素的动态变化关系,提出了基于部段装配能力数据集并综合考虑飞机装配流程时序关系以及各部段装配能力匹配关系的飞机大部件实际装配能力测算方法,通过举例计算,验证了该方法的可行性和有效性。