基于代理模型的飞翼多目标气动优化设计

针对飞翼布局飞行器,采用雷诺平均N-S方程（ RANS）计算流场,使用基于代理模型的多目标优化方法进行了同时考虑起飞性能和巡航性能的多点多目标气动优化设计。在设计过程中,将飞翼的平面形状、剖面形状及扭转角同时作为设计变量（共58个设计变量）,将提高起飞时的升力系数和提高巡航升阻比为设计目标,以起飞状态和巡航状态的力矩系数作为气动约束,并以飞翼平面面积不减和剖面厚度不减作为几何约束。通过采用基于Kriging模型的多目标优化方法,以较小的计算花费得到了较好的Perato前沿。取Pareto前沿中一个最优解与基准外形的性能进行了对比,结果显示,优化外形的性能较基准外形的气动性能得到全面大幅提高且所有约束得到严格满足。     

可靠性全局灵敏度求解的Meta-IS-AK算法

可靠性全局灵敏度（GRS）可以衡量输入变量对结构系统失效概率的平均影响,但目前仍然缺乏具有广泛适应性的高效算法。针对此问题,本文将在元重要抽样和可靠性全局灵敏度的贝叶斯算法基础上建立一种新的高效算法。所提算法首先利用已有的贝叶斯算法,将可靠性全局灵敏度转换成由无条件失效概率及输入变量失效域条件下的概率密度函数（PDF）表达的形式,然后分3步来完成算法的组织。第1步是利用元重要抽样的迭代策略抽取失效域的重要抽样样本;第2步是在已有的元重要抽样法中嵌入自适应Kriging模型,高效计算出无条件失效概率;第3步是利用Metropolis-Hastings准则,将失效域的重要抽样样本转化成为原始密度函数在失效域的样本点,进而同时求得各个输入变量在失效域中的条件概率密度函数,并最终求得可靠性全局灵敏度。由于所提算法充分利用了已有的可靠性全局灵敏度贝叶斯算法的维度独立性、元重要抽样法对隐式多失效域的适应性以及元重要抽样法中嵌入式Kriging模型的高效性,因此所提算法具有广泛的适用范围和较高的效率,该结论得到了算例结果的充分验证。     

基于自适应代理模型的气动优化方法

气动优化设计中,为了减少优化系统的计算周期,提高搜索效率,引入结构简单、计算量较小的代理模型,而运用有效的插值和选样方法(自适应选样)可以大大减少建立代理模型的时间。因此本文提出了一种基于自适应代理模型的气动优化方法。首先对自适应代理模型进行研究,建立了 Kriging 自适应代理模型和支持向量回归自适应代理模型,这两种自适应代理模型在相同样本点情况下比一般代理模型拥有更高的预测能力,然后将这其应用到翼型优化设计中,取得了良好的优化效果,从而表明这两种自适应代理模型不仅简单实用,而且明显提高了气动分析的计算效率。     

Efficient adaptive Kriging for system reliability analysis with multiple failure modes under random and interval hybrid uncertainty

In the field of the system reliability analysis with multiple failure modes, the advances mainly involve only random uncertainty. The upper bound of the system failure probability with multiple failure modes is usually employed to quantify the safety level under Random and Interval Hybrid Uncertainty(RI-HU). At present, there is a lack of an efficient and accurate method for estimating the upper bound of the system failure probability. This paper proposed an efficient Kriging model based on nume...     

定日镜表面风压的重构与预测

在利用风洞试验研究结构表面风压时,测点数量往往不能满足结构计算要求,为了得到未布置测点处的风压时程,需要进行插值预测。文章结合风洞试验同步采集到的风压时程数据,利用本征正交分解(POD)技术分析了定日镜表面风场分布特点;根据风压相关系数矩阵经POD分解后成为时间主坐标与空间本征向量这一特点,编制了Matlab程序,实现其与Surfer软件接口,选取距离反比法、三角形线性插值法和克里金法(Kriging)等不同插值方法对本征向量进行空间插值;研究了参与模态阶数对重构风压序列精度的影响,并计算了预测点风压时间序列。结果表明:随着参与重构的模态数量增加,重构与测量风压序列逐渐接近;在三种插值预测方法中三角形线性插值法和克里金法预测效果优于距离反比法。     

基于失效概率的涡轮后机匣全局灵敏度分析

涡轮后机匣是航空发动机安全的关键部件,但是其具有工况复杂、不确定性因素多的缺点。为了探究输入随机变量的不确定性对涡轮后机匣结构失效概率的影响,建立参数化有限元模型进行确定性分析。考虑材料性能、几何参数及外部载荷的不确定性,对涡轮后机匣两种典型失效模式：强度失效以及刚度失效建立极限状态函数;通过构造自适应Kriging 代理模型并结合重要抽样方法评估涡轮后机匣结构失效概率,利用基于失效概率的全局灵敏度方法对涡轮后机匣结构可靠度的不确定性来源进行分析,对各输入随机变量重要性进行排序,构建一种涡轮后机匣全局灵敏度分析框架。结果表明：涡轮后机匣在两种失效模式以及系统失效模式下,发动机推力以及线性膨胀系数对结构失效概率影响最为显著,应对其重点考虑;内外机匣长度以及材料弹性模量对涡轮后机匣结构失效概率影响较小,可对其适当忽略。     

MAPS方法在航空发动机性能寻优控制中的应用

利用模型辅助模式搜索方法(MAPS方法),研究了某型涡扇发动机基于部件级非线性实时数学模型的性能寻优控制。该方法是一种直接搜索方法,不需要计算发动机非线性模型对控制量的偏导数,并通过运用kriging方法构造非线性代理模型来减少发动机模型的调用次数,进而减少了计算量,提高了优化速度。应用MAPS方法对航空发动机最低油耗、最大推力和加力最大推力3种控制模式进行了优化计算,论文给出了优化计算结果。      

An efficient algorithm for calculating Profust failure probability

For efficiently estimating the Profust failure probability based on probability input variables and fuzzy-state assumption, a General Performance Function(GPF) expression is established under the strict mathematical derivation for the Profust reliability model. By constructing the GPF,the calculation of the Profust failure probability can be transformed into the calculation of the traditional failure probability. Then various existing methods for the traditional failure probability can be used to estimate the Profust failure probability. Due to the high efficiency of the Adaptive Kriging(AK) model and the universality of the Monte Carlo Simulation(MCS), AK inserted MCS(abbreviated as AK-MCS) has been proven to be an efficient method for estimating the failure probability. Therefore, the AK-MCS combined with the GPF(abbreviated as AK-MCS + GPF)is proposed for estimating Profust failure probability. The proposed method greatly reduces the computational cost while ensuring the accuracy. Finally, four examples are given to validate the proposed AK-MCS + GPF. The results of the examples show the rationality and the efficiency of the proposed AK-MCS + GPF.     

Reliability and reliability sensitivity analysis of structure by combining adaptive linked importance sampling and Kriging reliability method

The application of reliability analysis and reliability sensitivity analysis methods to complicated structures faces two main challenges: small failure probability (typical less than 10⁻⁵) and time-demanding mechanical models. This paper proposes an improved active learning surrogate model method, which combines the advantages of the classical Active Kriging – Monte Carlo Simulation (AK-MCS) procedure and the Adaptive Linked Importance Sampling (ALIS) procedure. The proposed procedure can, on the one hand, adaptively produce a series of intermediate sampling density approaching the quasi-optimal Importance Sampling (IS) density, on the other hand, adaptively generate a set of intermediate surrogate models approaching the true failure surface of the rare failure event. Then, the small failure probability and the corresponding reliability sensitivity indices are efficiently estimated by their IS estimators based on the quasi-optimal IS density and the surrogate models. Compared with the classical AK-MCS and Active Kriging – Importance Sampling (AK-IS) procedure, the proposed method neither need to build very large sample pool even when the failure probability is extremely small, nor need to estimate the Most Probable Points (MPPs), thus it is computationally more efficient and more applicable especially for problems with multiple MPPs. The effectiveness and engineering applicability of the proposed method are demonstrated by one numerical test example and two engineering applications.     

Variable-fidelity optimization with design space reduction

Advanced engineering systems, like aircraft, are defined by tens or even hundreds of design variables. Building an accurate surrogate model for use in such high-dimensional optimization problems is a difficult task owing to the curse of dimensionality. This paper presents a new algorithm to reduce the size of a design space to a smaller region of interest allowing a more accurate surrogate model to be generated. The framework requires a set of models of different physical or numerical fidelities. The low-fidelity (LF) model provides physics-based approximation of the high-fidelity (HF) model at a fraction of the computational cost. It is also instrumental in identifying the small region of interest in the design space that encloses the high-fidelity optimum. A surrogate model is then constructed to match the low-fidelity model to the high-fidelity model in the identified region of interest. The optimization process is managed by an update strategy to prevent convergence to false optima. The algorithm is applied on mathematical problems and a two-dimen-sional aerodynamic shape optimization problem in a variable-fidelity context. Results obtained are in excellent agreement with high-fidelity results, even with lower-fidelity flow solvers, while showing up to 39% time savings.