Thick exchange layer evaporation model with natural convection effect and evaporation experimental study for multicomponent droplet

In order to investigate the high-temperature evaporation characteristics of multicomponent liquid fuel, three kinds of blended fuel: n-heptane/n-decane/RP-3 aviation kerosene-ethanol were experimentally studied with and without forced convection. Further, based on zero-diffusion and infinite diffusion concept, this study expanded Thick Exchange Layer evaporation model with Natural Convection effect (NC-TEL) to multicomponent liquid fuels. The experimental results show that the droplet evaporation rate increases significantly with the increase of ambient temperature. Higher temperature leads to more significant relationships between the composition ratio and the evaporation rate. The effect of forced convection is not obviously under the circumstance in this paper. Then, the evaporation models were validated by experimental data. In general, the new NC-TEL model behaves better than the Ranz-Marshall (R-M) model, and the prediction accuracy at high temperature is improved by 8% to 35%. In lower temperature conditions, the prediction of zero-diffusion NC-TEL model is better than the infinite diffusion NC-TEL model. In high-temperature conditions, for n-heptane-ethanol droplet, the predictions of NC-TEL model are accurate, but for n-decane/RP-3 aviation kerosene-ethanol, the predictions are lower than experimental results. This may be caused by the micro-explosion phenomenon and the Marangoni phenomenon.     

四极－十六极分区式线型阱中汞离子囚禁仿真研究

利用SIMION软件建立了四极-十六极分区式线型离子阱系统模型，在此基础上仿真模拟了汞离子在四极阱和十六极阱中被囚禁时的第一稳定区，并分析了离子在不同阱中的运动特性。研究了汞离子云在分区式阱中的囚禁体积和速度分布，以及在不同囚禁区域之间的穿梭过程。模拟得出了稳态情况下分区式阱中不同囚禁区域的粒子数密度分布，验证了分区式离子阱中离子云被连续囚禁、穿梭时粒子数衰减和补偿。同时，根据以上数据分析讨论了汞离子囚禁时的多普勒效应，估算了基于此分区式离子阱的汞离子微波钟的性能水平。     

彗星穿越过境对磁层的影响及其分析讨论

对哈雷、百武和海尔-波普三颗慧星在不同时间、不同位置的情况下5次过近地点可能引起对地球磁层影响进行了资料分析和统计研究，指出，根据等离子体彗尾的特征，完全可以对磁层引起扰动，但是这种扰动有严格的制约条件，不是每次彗星过境都很容易对地球电磁环境产生影响。     

汇率对贸易的影响和中国出口增长因素分析

国内外的一些实证研究表明,汇率对出口没有长期的显著影响,对中国出口数据所做的经济计量分析也证明了这一结论.这是因为沉淀成本的存在使得进出口对汇率的变动不敏感.中国出口的大幅度增加应归之于我国出口主体和出口产品结构的变化.我国应通过创新来保持已有的竞争优势,并不断获取新的竞争优势.     

用离子束辅助蒸发工艺镀制高性能硫化锌红外增透膜

介绍了用离子束辅助蒸发工艺在高折射率锗（Ge）基片上镇制的高性能硫化锌（ZnS）红外增透膜（也称红外减反射膜）及其工艺的研制，通过与常规热蒸发工艺镀制的硫化锌增透膜的性能相比较，证实了离子束辅助蒸发技术对提高硫化锌红外增透膜的光学特性、膜层品质及改变薄膜的结构和应力状态有良好的效果。试验表明用该技术镀制高性能硫化锌红外增透膜能满足长寿命、高可靠卫星红外地球敏感器的使用要求。     

基于XML的飞行仿真气动力模型存储格式

飞行仿真获取气动力/力矩的传统方法主要是将气动力模型硬编码在仿真程序进行求解。由于气动力模型和求解程序耦合,一旦修正或更换气动力模型,需要花费大量代价来重新构建仿真过程,无法满足现代飞行器仿真的需求。根据气动力模型树形结构的特点,提出了气动力模型树的概念并基于XML语言的特点设计了一种模型存储格式（MBX）来存储气动力模型树。MBX存储格式不仅提高了飞行仿真系统更换和修正气动力模型的效率,而且提高了气动力/力矩解算的通用性,使得气动力/力矩的求解能够被标准化。MBX存储格式作为气动力模型交换标准不仅能把不同部门交换气动力模型的时间从几周/人缩短至几天/人,也能加快气动力模型逼近飞机真实气动特性的进程。     

Superthermal electron’s effects on lump solitons structures in magnetized auroral plasma

Based on the considerations of the acknowledgements of the numerous space observations by satellites in the auroral plasma, astrophysics plasmas, spacecraft observations, various plasma models have been framed and revealed different interesting features, like electrostatic structures, solitary waves, double layers, supersolitons, etc. Soliton theory is a very efficient and competent way to describe nonlinear features. Using Viking satellite data in the auroral plasma, we have derived lump soliton solutions of the Kadomstev-Petviashvili (KP) equation by employing Hirota bilinear method. Due to its wide range of applications, the study of lump soliton is very attractive and important too. It has been shown that the lump solitons structures as well as in the one-dimensional form of lump soliton are varied with associated parameters in the auroral magnetized plasma. During the analysis of the features of the lump solitons, it is found that the system parameters play a pivotal role on the lump solitons structures.     

Mini-magnetosphere: Laboratory experiment,physical model and Hall MHD simulation

Magnetosphere with a size comparable to the ion kinetic scales is investigated by means of laboratory experiment, analytical analysis and Hall MHD simulation. In experiment a specific magnetic field was observed which is non-coplanar to dipole field, does not change sign at dipole moment inversion and could be generated only via the quadratic Hall term. Magnetopause position and plasma stand off distance were found to be profoundly different between the experimental regimes with small and large ion inertia length. In the previous studies of a mini-magnetosphere by kinetic codes such novel features were observed as absence of the bow shock and plasma stopping at the Stoermer particle limit instead of the pressure balance distance. Proposed analytical model explains these features by Hall currents which tend to cancel magnetic field convection by ions. Performed numerical simulation shows a good agreement with experiment and analytical model. It gives detailed spatial structure of the Hall field and reveals that while ions penetrate deep inside mini-magnetosphere electrons overflow around it along magnetopause boundary.     

Propagation of cylindrical and spherical dust–ion acoustic solitary waves in a relativistic dusty plasma

The properties of cylindrical and spherical dust–ion acoustic solitary waves (DIASW) in an unmagnetized dusty plasma comprising of relativistic ions, Boltzmann electrons, and stationary dusty particles are investigated. Under a suitable coordinate transformation, the cylindrical KdV equation can be solved analytically. The change of the DIASW structure due to the effect of geometry, relativistic streaming factor, ion density and electron temperature is studied by numerical calculation of the cylindrical/spherical Kdv equation. It is noted that with ion pressure the effect of relativistic streaming factor to solitary waves structure is different. Without ion pressure, as the relativistic streaming factor decreases, the amplitude of the solitary wave decreases. However, when the ion pressure is taken into account, the amplitude decreases as the relativistic streaming factor increases and is highly sensitive to relativistic streaming factor. Our results may have relevance in the understanding of astrophysical plasmas.     

等离子体密度对栅极系统束流影响分析

针对现有离子推力器栅极系统束流引出分析中未考虑放电室等离子体密度均匀性影响的不足,基于数值方法对该问题进行了研究。采用单元内粒子 （Particle In Cell,PIC） 方法对栅极系统束流引出进行了数值模拟。PIC方法中电场求解采用有限差分方法,离子加速方法采用跳蛙格式。以国产20cm Xe离子推力器作为算例,计算得到了栅极中心和边缘孔引出束流离子和电场的分布。结果显示栅极中心孔相对边缘孔束流聚焦性好,束流发散角小,但中心孔轴线的鞍点电势较边缘孔高24.8V。因此,放电室等离子体密度分布对束流引出具有重要影响,电子返流现象最先出现在栅极中心位置。