From Titan’s tholins to Titan’s aerosols: Isotopic study and chemical evolution at Titan’s surface

In the present work, we focused on the possible isotopic fractionation of carbon during the processes involved in the formation of Titan’s tholins. We present the first results obtained on the ¹²C/¹³C isotopic ratios measured on Titan’s tholins synthesized in laboratory with cold plasma discharges. Measurements of isotopic ratio ¹²C/¹³C, done both on tholins and on the initial gas mixture (N₂:CH₄ (98:2)) used to produce them, do not show any evident deficit or enrichment in ¹³C relatively to ¹²C in the synthesized tholins, compared to the initial gas mixture. This observation allows to go further in the analyses of the ACP experiment data, including part of the Cassini–Huygens mission.     

Abundances of Light Elements

This paper briefly reviews a few relevant features about the abundances of light elements (D, ⁴He, ⁶Li, ⁷Li, ⁹Be) in the Milky Way. It places special emphasis on metal-poor stars. Observational concerns are discussed. The use of ⁷Li and ⁶Li as cosmological probes and of ⁹Be as a chronometer for the early evolution of our Galaxy are discussed.     

基于单一产品数据源的BOM管理

如何管理产品生命周期中的各种物料项清单BOM(Bill of Material)是产 品数据管理的关键,其核心是产品生命周期中BOM的全局数据模型,即BOM之间关系的建立和 维护.借鉴波音公司提出的单一产品数据源SSPD(Single Source of Product Data)思 想,从分析产品生命周期中BOM的演化过程出发,提出了BOM演变原理,并在此基础上,提出 了一种基于SSPD统一管理BOM的框架模型.      

面向产品生命周期的质量数据模型

在对产品生命周期和产品进化链质量保证过程分析的基础上,提出了一种面向产品生命周期和产品进化链的多层次质量数据模型.该模型以融合产品结构模型和产品进化模型的广义物料清单作为单一数据辐射源,通过产品进化模型完整表达产品的改进过程,实现了产品进化生命周期内的质量数据的集成.在产品生命周期内将广义物料清单的多视图按产品生命周期质量管理过程实例化,并以此作为质量数据载体.围绕质量数据载体阶段性的质量管理过程组织产品实现过程中质量业务活动,以质量业务活动为基础,完成具体的质量数据对象的操作与关联,通过"载体—过程—活动—业务对象—物理数据"的关联实现了产品生命周期质量数据的集成.      

一种面向运载火箭自动对接的三维测量场构建方法

旋转激光自动经纬仪系统(R-LATs)是一种基于前方角度交汇的分布式大尺寸测量系统。各激光扫描基站的布局位置直接影响着测量区域内的测量精度和应用性能。从测量区域的测量不确定度量化着手,利用蒙特卡罗法获取各点的测量不确定度,以测量区域的最大不确定度作为主要优化目标,利用差分进化算法自动寻优,更简单有效地实现了面向运载火箭自动对接的R-LATs系统布站优化。最后进行了运载火箭对接测量场的实际应用验证。应用结果表明:该方法能有效优化激光扫描基站布局,提高系统测量精度,满足实际应用需求。     

内连导线线宽对沿晶微裂纹演化的影响

基于应力诱发表面扩散的经典理论,用有限元法模拟了线宽对铜内连导线中沿晶微裂纹演化的影响。数值模拟结果表明:随着线宽的减小,椭圆形沿晶微裂纹存在分节与不分节两种演化分叉趋势,且演化分节存在临界线宽珔hc;当珔h≤珔hc时,沿晶微裂纹分节成3个新的沿晶微裂纹;当珔h珔hc时,沿晶微裂纹圆柱化。沿晶微裂纹分节时间^tf随线宽的减小而减小,即减小线宽会加速微裂纹分节。临界外载珋σc与临界形态比βc随线宽的减小而减小,即减小线宽有利于沿晶微裂纹分节。临界外载和临界形态比随晶界能与表面能比值的增大而减小,且沿晶微裂纹比晶内微裂纹更易发生分节。     

The chemical composition of B-supergiant atmospheres

We present new estimates of He/H and CNO abundance ratios in the atmospheres of a selection of B2 supergiants which imply that the C/N ratio in the most luminous Ia stars is close to its equilibrium value. The is also some evidence for more moderate CN abundance anomalies in the B2Ib and B2II supergiants. These results, together with other recent work, imply that the effects of the CNO bi-cycle on the composition of B-supergiant atmospheres are most severe for the more luminous and massive stars. Furthermore, studies of LMC B-supergiants indicate that a small fraction of these very luminous stars are nitrogen weak. This picture is qualitatively consistent with theoretical predictions whenever massive stars perform blue loops in the HR diagram, returning from a red supergiant phase to become core helium burning blue supergiants with atmospheres contaminated by nuclear processed material.     

The extravehicular mobility unit: A review of environment, requirements, and design changes in the US spacesuit

Requirements are rarely static, and are ever more likely to evolve as the development time of a system stretches out and its service life increases. In this paper, we discuss the evolution of requirements for the US spacesuit, the extravehicular mobility unit (EMU), as a case study to highlight the need for flexibility in system design. We explore one fundamental environmental change, using the Space Shuttle EMU aboard the International Space Station, and the resulting EMU requirement and design changes. The EMU, like other complex systems, faces considerable uncertainty during its service life. Changes in the technical, political, or economic environment cause changes in requirements, which in turn necessitate design modifications or upgrades. We make the case that flexibility is a key attribute that needs to be embedded in the design of long-lived, complex systems to enable them to efficiently meet the inevitability of changing requirements after they have been fielded.     

Falkner-Skan流空间演化的二次稳定性研究

依据Floquet理论建立三维亚谐扰动的控制方程，研究Falkner-Skan流的二次稳定性问题。采用高精度的谱方法进行数值模拟，结合边界层特性有效地配置边界条件，引入不同类型压力梯度，研究在压力梯度下的二维有限振幅的Tollmien-Schlichting（TS）波对三维亚谐扰动的产生、发展和演化的作用和影响。结果表明，顺压梯度的存在可以减缓二次不稳定的发生和演化，而逆压梯度却加速了二次不稳定性。     

2.5D C/SiC复合材料带孔板拉伸破坏的多尺度模拟

为了研究2.5D编织陶瓷基复合材料带孔板的拉伸破坏行为,提出一种可以模拟带孔板细观破坏过程的多尺度计算方法。该方法根据2.5D编织陶瓷基复合材料的细观结构建立细观模型,通过子模型法将平板的宏观有限元模型和孔周围区域的细观有限元模型耦合在一起,然后采用渐进损伤计算方法完成带孔板破坏的多尺度模拟。计算结果表明,带孔板在拉伸载荷较低时出现初始损伤,随着载荷的加大经纱发生轴向拉伸破坏,纬纱发生横向的破坏。裂纹从孔边沿横向扩展至板的两端,最终整个板完全断裂失效。失效时的应变为0.375%,最大加载应力为221.7MPa。