Background limited infrared and submillimeter instruments

The temperature and emissivity of infrared and submillimeter telescopes are basic parameters that drive the optical and thermal design of astronomical space projects. They determine also, among other parameters, the self-emission of the instrument and the photon noise produced by this radiation on the detectors. By comparing the telescope brightness with that of the sky in the 1m–1 cm wavelength range, general conditions for background limited photometry are derived. For <0.4 mm, temperature is the driving parameter, and for >0.4 mm, temperature and emissivity have equivalent importances. It can be shown on actual projects that these two regimes determine different optical and thermal concepts. Although based on a simplistic approach, this work intends to help designers to handle some basic system parameters of infrared and submillimeter instruments.     

地球敏感器红外带通滤光片膜系设计及其研制

红外带通滤光片已成功地应用于我国自行研制的近三十颗卫星的地球敏感器上。本文详细介绍了用等效折射率概念、设计１４～１６．２５μｍ红外带通滤光片的原理和方法，给出了设计的膜系，分析了主要工艺及膜层厚度的控制对红外带通滤光片光学特性的相互影响，并与国内外同类滤光片的光学特性进行了比较。     

The optical constants of gypsum particles as analog of Martian sulfates

Various indications seem to suggest that in the past the Martian climate allowed the presence of liquid water on the surface of the planet. It is therefore reasonable to think that bodies of standing water were once present in basins such as craters or depressions and that evaporite deposits of sulfates could have formed in these basins. The identification of such deposits, which might have survived in some regions of the planet, could confirm the present hypothesis about the ancient climate on Mars. Recent analyses of Mars spectra, obtained by ground-based observations, show bands consistent with sulfate features. If such data have to be interpreted with the aid of synthetic spectra, the knowledge of the complex refractive index of some sulfate is necessary. In this work we present the optical constants of submicron particles of gypsum (a typical hydrate–sulfate very common on Earth), derived by means of the dispersion theory from transmission spectra. We have performed the calculation of the optical constants in the wavelength range 2–70 μm, also in view of the wide spectral range covered by the Planetary Fourier Spectrometer (PFS) on board of the ESA space mission Mars Express. The data have been compared with optical constants obtained by other authors from reflectance measurements of particulate samples.     

物体表面形状对热象仪测温的影响

本文报道利用红外热象仪 AGA780系统测量金属铝、铜和非金属石膏的平板及圆柱表面温度的准确度实验研究的结果。给出了表面形状不影响温度测量的“自由极角”范围,并且对影响测量准确性的其他因素也进行了讨论。     

两种涡扇发动机排气系统红外辐射特性的比较

针对弹用涡扇发动机，计算和比较了3μm-5μm波段轴对称分开排气喷管和轴对称混合排气喷管的红外辐射特性，并与模型实验的结果进行了比较。结果表明，两种类型的排气喷管在红外辐射的空间分布和光谱分布特性方面具有相似的特征，但是红外辐射强度的数值有较大差别；内、外涵混合排气，可以显著降低喷管空腔、尾喷流和整个排气系统的红外辐射。     

NEPE推进剂主要组分催化分解的研究

应用原位红外光谱仪研究了NEPE推进剂主要组分HMX、AP、NG及聚醚胶在升温至爆燃过程中,凝聚相红外光谱的变化。并研究了对NEPE推进剂提高燃速明显的YB2-450和降低压强指数效果较好的B2Pb两种催化剂对上述分解过程红外谱图的影响。发现B2Pb主要催化了HMX的分解,YB2-450主要催化了NG的分解,YB2-450还可在高温下加速AP的分解。这些结果为解释NEPE推进剂的燃烧特性提供了一定的试验依据。     

从 CBERS-1 卫星红外数据看中国遥感器研制

文章对CBERS-1卫星红外遥感器的图像数据从图像的灰度、纹理和边缘3个方面进行分析,并与美国Landsat卫星的TM遥感器、MSS遥感器的图像数据进行了对比分析.分析研究表明,CBERS-1卫星的红外遥感器的图像数据是具有很好水平的,并说明中国卫星遥感器的制造、工艺设计、材料、光学结构等诸领域具有较好的水平.     

基于天象匹配的地心矢量确定方法

天象匹配是一种完全自主,且能提供姿态和位置信息的导航技术,其中,地心矢量的确定是天象匹配技术的关键。本文在地球模型为理想圆球的假设前提下,给出了两种基于天象匹配的地心矢量确定方法,一种是辅助单位球法,一种是椭圆模型直接法。最后,分别将两种地心矢量的确定方法应用于某高轨运载器中进行数学仿真,结果表明,两种方法均能满足系统的精度要求。     

静止气象卫星可见,红外自旋扫描辐射计（VISSR）在轨调焦方法的研究

根据富里叶光学中调制传函数的理分析了ＶＩＳＳＲ成象光学系统的性质，并提出调焦的判据，途径和方法，包括利用快速富里叶变换（ＦＦＴ）对卫星数字云图进行了频谱分析的频谱分析法，对数字云图灰度起伏统计的最大绝对灰度差值和方法，给出了这两种方法的实验和结果，通过接收日本ＧＭＳ－４卫星展宽数字云图的试验表明所介绍的方法可以作为静止气象了卫星ＶＩＳＳＲ在轨调焦的实用方法。其方法及设备并可用于卫星发射前与ＶＩＳＳ     

CBERS-1卫星红外编码器

文章介绍了CBERS_1卫星上的重要设备之一———红外编码器的技术原理和实施效果。红外编码器完成了4个谱段图像数据和北极太阳定标数据的采集过程控制、模/数转换、接收OBDH送来的工程参数、产生的相对计数时间、复杂编码以及数据在不同工作模式下进行高速传输等工作 ,它是采用计算机方案设计实现操作的。