激波风洞温敏热图技术初步试验研究

介绍了可用于激波风洞等高超声速脉冲设备复杂外形模型表面热流分布显示与测量的温敏热图技术。该技术利用温敏材料发光特性随温度变化的特点实现对模型表面的温度测量,进而分析获得其表面热流分布。由于有效运行时间一般只有10ms左右,在激波风洞中采用温敏热图技术在材料温敏响应、图像采集等方面均存在困难,导致此技术还很不成熟。介绍了近期在CARDC 0.6m激波风洞中开展温敏发光热图技术研究的情况,包括发光材料的研制、材料喷涂、图像处理及标定等方面的研究工作。验证试验采用了平板加钝舵模型,获得了与理论分析及传感器测量结果较一致的平板干扰区热图结果。热图与薄膜传感器测量数据差异大致在5%~25%之间。     

聚硫橡胶研制与工艺方法的研究

介绍了聚硫橡胶配方的选择、技术性能的测试、工艺方法的确定和要求，以及在使用中应注意的几个问题。该胶已在航天产品的红外光学系统和电子电气系统中得到应用。应用表明，该胶性能稳定，质量可靠。     

Exploring The Saturn System In The Thermal Infrared: The Composite Infrared Spectrometer

The Composite Infrared Spectrometer (CIRS) is a remote-sensing Fourier Transform Spectrometer (FTS) on the Cassini orbiter that measures thermal radiation over two decades in wavenumber, from 10 to 1400 cm^{− 1} (1 mm to 7μ m), with a spectral resolution that can be set from 0.5 to 15.5 cm^{− 1}. The far infrared portion of the spectrum (10–600 cm^{− 1}) is measured with a polarizing interferometer having thermopile detectors with a common 4-mrad field of view (FOV). The middle infrared portion is measured with a traditional Michelson interferometer having two focal planes (600–1100 cm^{− 1}, 1100–1400 cm^{− 1}). Each focal plane is composed of a 1× 10 array of HgCdTe detectors, each detector having a 0.3-mrad FOV. CIRS observations will provide three-dimensional maps of temperature, gas composition, and aerosols/condensates of the atmospheres of Titan and Saturn with good vertical and horizontal resolution, from deep in their tropospheres to high in their mesospheres. CIRS’s ability to observe atmospheres in the limb-viewing mode (in addition to nadir) offers the opportunity to provide accurate and highly resolved vertical profiles of these atmospheric variables. The ability to observe with high-spectral resolution should facilitate the identification of new constituents. CIRS will also map the thermal and compositional properties of the surfaces of Saturn’s icy satellites. It will similarly map Saturn’s rings, characterizing their dynamical and spatial structure and constraining theories of their formation and evolution. The combination of broad spectral range, programmable spectral resolution, the small detector fields of view, and an orbiting spacecraft platform will allow CIRS to observe the Saturnian system in the thermal infrared at a level of detail not previously achieved.This revised version was published online in July 2005 with a corrected cover date.     

Validation of the operational IASI level 2 processor using AIRS and ECMWF data

The algorithms being implemented in EUMETSAT’s IASI Level 2 Product Processing Facility are validated with real case situations using AIRS data and comparing the retrieved atmospheric states with ECMWF analyses. The tests have been performed for clear-sky ocean scenes during daytime.

The Empirical Orthogonal Function (EOF) retrievals show very good performance, with retrieved atmospheric states standard deviations between 1 and 2 K in temperature and 10% and 20% in relative humidity when compared with ECMWF analysis in the troposphere. The EOF retrievals show relatively smooth profiles.

Results from an iterative retrieval show a standard deviation between 2 and 3 K in temperature and 10% and 30% in relative humidity when compared with ECMWF analyses in the troposphere. They tend to show meteorologically reasonable discontinuities in both temperature and relative humidity. This seems to be the reason why they do not compare as well with ECMWF analyses as the EOF retrievals do. Whether they are closer to reality or not will have to be tested with co-located radiosondes or similar more accurate data, which generally do not exhibit such smooth vertical profiles as ECMWF analyses do.     

具有针肋的狭窄空间冲击冷却实验和数值计算

对具有全高度针肋扰流的狭窄空间冲击冷却进行了实验和数值计算,并与平板靶板冲击冷却传热性能进行了对比分析.射流冲击雷诺数范围为15000~30000.实验采用瞬态液晶热像技术获得了冲击靶板上详细的传热分布,并通过数值计算获得了冲击冷却系统中的流场和传热特征.实验研究表明:狭窄空间冲击冷却中的针肋靶板端壁上的平均传热性能比平板靶板提高约7.0%,压力损失提高约17.9%,并且针肋改善了靶板端壁上传热均匀性.另一方面,数值计算分析表明近壁面射流以及空间中的上洗涡流与针肋表面发生强烈相互作用,并且针肋显著地增加了换热面积,因此具有针肋扰流的冲击冷却系统具有显著增强的总体传热性能,比平板冲击冷却提高约27.0%.      

CFRP复合材料层板缺陷的红外热波成像检测方法

针对CFRP复合材料层板缺陷无损检测与评价的红外热波成像检测方法、热波信号处理、缺陷判定和识别及红外热波成像检测POD分析等进行了系统介绍,分析了各种红外热波成像检测方法的应用与优势、适用性及局限性等,重点介绍了红外热波成像方法应用于CFRP复合材料层板缺陷检测的应用实例,并进一步阐述了复合材料缺陷红外热波成像无损检测的发展.     

碲镉汞红外材料与器件的空间应用

碲镉汞（ＭＣＴ）是一种十分重要的红外半导体材料，近十几年来，由于国防工业和遥感技术发展的需要，碲镉汞红外探测器的独特性能获得了迅速的发展和广泛的应用。简要讨论了碲镉汞红外器件和材料的发展和进展情况；论述了碲镉汞红外器件在空间的应用，主要包括卫星侦察、目标跟踪、地球资源勘探、环境监测和防护、气象预报、宇宙空间观察等；此外还讨论了空间技术发展和遥感技术发展对碲镉汞红外探测器和材料提出的一些新的要求，提出了相应的建议和对策。     

基于可调二极管激光红外吸收的燃烧诊断技术

为了发展先进的燃烧诊断技术，对可调二极管激光红外吸收术用于燃烧多参数测量的原理、方法和测量系统进行了全面的论述，并将该方法应用于脉冲爆震室中未燃组分、当量比的测量中。因为爆震室中燃料的分布和填充程度决定了脉冲爆震发动机(PDE)的性能，故试验中精心控制燃料填充程度，以研究爆震管中填充程度对脉冲爆震发动机性能的影响。实验结果表明，可调二极管激光红外吸收术对于监测PDE的性能，进而对PDE的控制和优化极有意义。     

再入目标红外特性分析及红外特性材料研究

本文分析了再入目标的红外辐射特性及主要影响因素，认为：表征再入目标辐射强弱的物理量主要为再入目标的表面温度、表面积和发射率；表征再入目标材料红外辐射能力的物理量为辐射率（发射率）。进而探讨了高红外发射率材料，认为：几种化合物混合烧结后可在一段连续波段提高材料的红外发射率。