热障涂层界面脱粘缺陷的脉冲红外热成像检测

针对热障涂层界面脱粘缺陷的无损检测问题，首先制备了一种导热过程更加接近真实缺陷，且尺寸可控的人工模拟脱粘缺陷试样；在此基础上，采用脉冲红外热成像检测技术对人工脱粘缺陷进行检测，分析了涂层界面脱粘区和非脱粘区的表面温度瞬态响应过程；以图像标准差（SD）和归一化对比度（NC）作为评价标准，定量对比了脉冲相位法、主成分分析和表面热信号重构3种典型的热图重构方法在脱粘缺陷识别中的作用。结果表明，对400 μm厚的YSZ热障涂层，原始热图中可识别最小直径为4 mm的脱粘缺陷，而3种重构热图中均可识别最小直径为2 mm的界面脱粘缺陷，3种重构算法均显著提高了界面脱粘缺陷的识别能力，其中以表面热信号重构算法对图像的噪声抑制能力最强。     

一种IRST双机协同被动探测机动目标定位新方法

针对红外搜索跟踪系统（IRST）双机协同被动探测定位作战使用中，机动目标建模与实际运动失配造成定位误差偏大的问题，研究了一种基于曲线模型的自适应滤波新方法。该方法改进了传统方法根据方向角估计转弯率以及基于帧间插分线加速度估计切向加速度的思路，将转弯率及线加速度联合作为状态变量进行了状态扩维，并推导了扩维后的过程噪声协方差表达式，在缓解传统两层滤波结构带来的计算量大问题外，也提高了切向加速度的估计精度。另外基于反正切函数的值域，结合方向角在四象限间的转移关系，优化了方向角的设计。通过IRST双机协同仿真实例，验证了所提方法对机动目标的适应性更强、目标定位精度更高。     

Numerical study on similarity of plume infrared radiation between reduced-scale solid rocket motors

This study seeks to determine the similarities in plume radiation between reduced and full-scale solid rocket models in ground test conditions through investigation of flow and radiation for a series of scale ratios ranging from 0.1 to 1. The radiative transfer equation(RTE) considering gas and particle radiation in a non-uniform plume has been adopted and solved by the finite volume method(FVM) to compute the three dimensional, spectral and directional radiation of a plume in the infrared waveband 2–6 μm. Conditions at wavelengths 2.7 μm and 4.3 μm are discussed in detail, and ratios of plume radiation for reduced-scale through full-scale models are examined. This work shows that, with increasing scale ratio of a computed rocket motor, area of the hightemperature core increases as a 2 power function of the scale ratio, and the radiation intensity of the plume increases with 2–2.5 power of the scale ratio. The infrared radiation of plume gases shows a strong spectral dependency, while that of Al_2O_3 particles shows spectral continuity of gray media.Spectral radiation intensity of a computed solid rocket plume's high temperature core increases significantly in peak radiation spectra of plume gases CO and CO_2. Al_2O_3 particles are the major radiation component in a rocket plume. There is good similarity between contours of plume spectral radiance from different scale models of computed rockets, and there are two peak spectra of radiation intensity at wavebands 2.7–3.0 μm and 4.2–4.6 μm. Directed radiation intensity of the entire plume volume will rise with increasing elevation angle.     

复合材料发射架无损检测研究进展

本文介绍了复合材料缺陷对发射架构件的影响,论述了MMS公司的线性扫描热波检测、声-超声波检测、超声波检测技术,比较了检测方法的准确率、可信度和效率。指出将无损检测技术与自动化检测、信号采集、图像处理等现代化技术相结合,将在复合材料发射架检测中发挥重大作用。     

碳纤维复合材料雷击损伤的瞬态红外热成像检测

通过雷电模拟,对复合材料层合板试样进行雷击损伤试验。基于热扩散原理,针对不同的雷击试验件,采用波形为长脉冲形式的瞬态热激励方式对雷击损伤进行红外热成像检测,并对不同时刻的检测结果进行分析、比较,对缺陷轮廓进行界定,对结果进行定量测量。检测结果表明,无论是否对碳纤维复合材料表面进行防护,瞬态红外热成像方法均能够有效检测出雷击后的内部分层损伤,可对损伤的严重程度进行有效区分,能够对缺陷尺寸、面积进行准确测量。     

IR radiation characteristics of rocket exhaust plumes under varying motor operating conditions

The infrared(IR) irradiance signature from rocket motor exhaust plumes is closely related to motor type,propellant composition,burn time,rocket geometry,chamber parameters and flight conditions.In this paper,an infrared signature analysis tool(IRSAT) was developed to understand the spectral characteristics of exhaust plumes in detail.Through a finite volume technique,flow field properties were obtained through the solution of axisymmetric Navier-Stokes equations with the Reynolds-averaged approach.A refined 13-species,30-reaction chemistry scheme was used for combustion effects and a k-e-Rtturbulence model for entrainment effects.Using flowfield properties as input data,the spectrum was integrated with a line of sight(LOS) method based on a single line group(SLG) model with Curtis-Godson approximation.The model correctly predicted spectral distribution in the wavelengths of 1.50–5.50 lm and had good agreement for its location with imaging spectrometer data.The IRSAT was then applied to discuss the effects of three operating conditions on IR signatures:(a) afterburning;(b) chamber pressure from ignition to cutoff;and(c) minor changes in the ratio of hydroxyl-terminated polybutadiene(HTPB) binder to ammonium perchlorate(AP) oxidizer in propellant.Results show that afterburning effects can increase the size and shape of radiance images with enhancement of radiation intensity up to 40%.Also,the total IR irradiance in different bands can be characterized by a non-dimensional chamber pressure trace in which the maximum discrepancy is less than 13% during ignition and engine cutoff.An increase of chamber pressure can lead to more distinct diamonds,whose distance intervals are extended,and the position of the first diamond moving backwards.In addition,an increase in HTPB/AP causes a significant jump in spectral intensity.The incremental rates of radiance intensity integrated in each band are linear with the increase of HTPB,and the growth rates of radiance intensities in some bands reach up to 50% as HTPB weight increases by 3%.     

无人机红外辐射特性测量方法

无人机飞行时红外辐射特性测量受多方面因素影响，测量精度低，不能满足试验要求。采用室内标定、室外成像进行红外辐射特性反演，利用FasCode软件对大气传输进行估算，对测量结果进行修正，获得无人机红外辐射特性，测量结果与实际情况一致，测量方法有效。     

固体火箭发动机绝热层脱粘的脉冲热像检测分析

为了给红外热像法在固体火箭发动机绝热层检测中的应用提供科学依据,用数值模拟法分析了绝热层脱粘脉冲热像检测的基本规律。得到了决策参数与结构参数之间的多变量关系,并对部分检测规律进行了实验验证。最大温差和最大对比度与脱粘尺寸之间的关系,可用分段线性函数近似描述,随着脱粘尺寸的增大,最大温差和最大对比度都增加;最大温差和最大对比度与绝热层厚度的关系是非线性函数关系,随着绝热层厚度增加,最大温差和最大对比度迅速下降;钢壳厚度的增加,对从绝热层一侧的单面法检测有利。所得数据和结论为固体火箭发动机绝热层脱粘的脉冲热像检测提供了指导。     

真空低温环境红外亮温标准装置设计

对遥感技术现状及面临的问题进行了介绍，明确了建立真空低温环境红外亮温计量标准装置的意义，对国内外研究现状进行了梳理，对研究的标准装置的技术路线和设计方案进行了详细叙述。     

低发射率涂层材料研究

测试了多种黏合剂和粉体及以聚氨酯树脂为黏合剂制成的涂膜在8～14 μm波段的发射率.结果表明,Karton树脂红外透明性好,具有较低的红外发射率;铝粉制成涂膜后发射率较低,且涂膜的发射率与铝粉的加入量、粒径等有关;掺锡氧化铟(ITO)薄膜具有很低的发射率,其发射率与ITO膜的厚度、含氧量等有关.