基于模型定义的复合材料旁路挤压试验压缩夹具参数化设计

针对民用飞机复合材料许用值试验开展中需要设计大量构型类似而繁杂的试验夹具,为提高夹具设计的效率和准确性、促进设计的标准化,本文总结了 ASTM标准中复合材料旁路挤压试验的压缩试验夹具构型设计和制造等相关信息,采用包含基于模型的定义(Model Based Definition,MBD)信息的CATIA二次开发方法,提出...     

Advanced analytical model for orbital aerodynamic prediction in LEO

The growing interest in low earth orbit (LEO) applications demands for accurate modeling of orbital aerodynamics. But classical analytical models of aerodynamic coefficients in free molecule flow, such as the Sentman’s model, Schamberg’s model and Schaaf-Chambre model, were built upon over simplistic gas-surface interaction models, which degrade the fidelity of aerodynamic prediction. This work presents a new analytical model of orbital aerodynamic coefficients based on the state-of-the-art Cercignani–Lampis–Lord (CLL) gas-surface interaction model, where lobular quasi-specular scattering pattern and separate accommodation degree for different velocity components can be well captured. A key component of the new model is a rigorous function approximation solution of the reflected normal momentum flux based on the CLL model which is derived for the first time and is validated within 1% for any hypothermal flow and surface accommodation conditions. Closed-form analytical solutions of aerodynamic coefficients for simple convex geometries are obtained and exhibit high accuracy (within 0.1%) in typical LEO scenarios. The new analytical model surpasses the classical models in some important aspects, such as overcoming the diffuse scattering hypothesis constraint, considering the variation of normal momentum exchange with the surface incidence angle and being applicable in any hypothermal flow situation. In virtue of the advanced CLL model and feasibility of coupling with the panel method technique, the new analytical model is promising to provide more accurate predictions on the orbital aerodynamic coefficients for LEO applications.     

基于气弹耦合的旋翼桨涡干扰噪声预测方法

建立了基于气动/弹性耦合的旋翼桨涡干扰（BVI）气动和噪声分析方法。气动模型包括修正Beddoes尾迹模型和CFD模型，噪声计算采用基于声学类比法推导出的FW H（Ffowcs Williams Hawkings）方程，弹性桨叶动力学建模采用有限元方法。应用所建立的方法，对刚性的OLS（operational load survey）旋翼桨涡干扰状态的气动和噪声特性进行了计算，对比了两种气动模型在研究桨涡干扰问题的有效性；以弹性的HART Ⅱ旋翼为研究对象，分析了桨叶弹性、时间步长对桨涡干扰气动载荷和噪声的影响。结果表明:进行桨涡干扰计算时所采用的时间步长不宜超过2°。CFD方法由于固有的数值耗散，计算出的OLS旋翼噪声声压峰值仅为试验值的60%，而修正Beddoes尾迹模型能够避免数值耗散，且具有高效率的优势。考虑桨叶气动弹性能够提高旋翼桨涡干扰噪声的预测精度。      

Land use and cover change (LUCC) impacts on Earth’s eco-environments: Research progress and prospects

Land use and cover change (LUCC) is one of the key variables dominating land–atmosphere interactions and strongly affects the Earth’s eco-environments by altering surface properties. Numerous studies have been carried out to assess the impact of LUCC. However, the Earth is a large, open and complex system characterized by complex interactions between its eco-environments and drivers. This study aimed to summarize previous studies of the impact of LUCC on the Earth’s eco-environments and discuss the progress and limitations in suggesting future directions. Previous studies have confirmed that LUCC has a wide range of impacts on the Earth’s eco-environments, which are represented by the alternation of climate (temperature, precipitation, wind, and humidity), hydrology (soil moisture, runoff, and evapotranspiration), ecology and environmental (air, water, and soil) pollution. Physically, the impacts were mainly attributed to the disturbance of the surface radiation budget and matter conservation caused by LUCC. Although great achievements have been made, several challenges remain because of the unavoidable uncertainties in data sources and methodologies and the complexity of eco-environmental evolution. Therefore, data assimilation, physical-based investigations, contribution isolation, and full-process analysis are required to overcome these challenges in future research. The results of this study helped to capture the impact of LUCC and its physical mechanisms, which provide useful clues for future research and support the relative land use management for sustainable development.     

A Robotic TeleoperationSystem for Precise Robotic Manipulation by Human-Machine Interaction

Teleoperation is of great importance in the area of robotics， especially when people are unavailable in the robot workshop. It provides a way for people to control robots remotely using human intelligence. In this paper， a robotic teleoperation system for precise robotic manipulation is established. The data glove and the 7-degrees of freedom (DOFs) force feedback controller are used for the remote control interaction. The control system and the monitor system are designed for the remote precise manipulation. The monitor system contains an image acquisition system and a human-machine interaction module， and aims to simulate and detect the robot running state. Besides，a visual object tracking algorithm is developed to estimate the states of the dynamic system from noisy observations. The established robotic teleoperation systemis applied to a series of experiments， and high-precision results are obtained， showing the effectiveness of the physical system.     

水下航行体舵板张开特性研究与分析

在对流固耦合仿真计算方法分析的基础上,建立起水下航行体舵板张开过程的仿真计算模型,采用该模型 对舵板张开过程的角速度、载荷以及响应等变化规律进行了研究。在水下航行体发射试验中,对舵板张开角度、舵 板应变等参数进行了测试,对测试获取的数据与仿真结果进行了对比分析,研究表明二者一致性较好,能够为水下 航行体的水弹道分析和舵板的结构设计、材料选择等提供指导。     

共轴刚性旋翼气动干扰及操纵特性分析

建立了一套基于高效配平策略和嵌套网格技术的共轴刚性旋翼气动数值分析方法。流场求解采用雷诺平均Navier Stokes方程，空间离散采用Roe monotone upstream centered schemes for conservation laws（MUSCL）格式，湍流模型为Spalart Allmaras模型；配平计算中引入“差量修正”策略。分析了共轴刚性旋翼模型在不同飞行状态下的气动干扰现象和操纵特性。结果表明:所建立的配平方法在同等精度下，比传统方法可显著节省计算时间；共轴刚性旋翼间距较小，其气动干扰明显强于普通共轴旋翼；悬停状态下，由于受上旋翼下洗流影响，下旋翼总距较大但拉力较小；小速度前飞时气动干扰引起下旋翼气流不对称性增大，双旋翼周期变距差也变大；采用适当的升力偏置量，可以提高共轴刚性旋翼气动效率。      

航空发动机管路流固耦合振动的固有频率分析

为研究流体哥氏力和管路参数等因素对航空发动机管路固有振动频率的影响规律,采用Galerkin方法建立了管路流固耦合数学模型,并通过复特征值分析得到了系统的固有频率。通过将采用Galerkin方法的计算结果与试验测试数据进行比较,验证了Galerkin方法的正确性;给出了试验管路的临界流速,并研究了流体哥氏力和管路截面尺寸对系统固有频率的影响。结果表明:试验燃油管路实际流速远小于发生屈曲失稳的临界流速;哥氏力对不锈钢和钛合金2种管材燃油管路固有频率的影响很小;相同壁厚管路,外径越小,流固耦合对固有频率的影响越大。