受周向扰动的涡环的直接数值模拟

采用作者自己发展的柱坐标系中的谱方法对受周向扰动后的涡环的非线性演变过程以及向湍流转捩的初期行为进行了直接数值模拟。结果表明，在自诱导与整体应变场的作用下涡线逐渐前倾，与z轴成45°角，并逐渐拉伸，扰动增长的结果是小尺度运动以能量级串方式逐渐生长，最终向湍流转捩；与稳定性预测一致，扰动波不沿周向传播。     

涡流环及其阻抗计算

本文将空心放置式线圈在平面异体中激发的涡流等效成一个环形涡流区域，计算该涡流环的尺寸，分析涡流环对检测线圈阻抗的影响以及计算涡流环的阻抗。     

A combined application of micro-vortex generator and boundary layer suction in a high-load compressor cascade

In the current study, the effects of a combined application between micro-vortex generator and boundary layer suction on the flow characteristics of a high-load compressor cascade are investigated. The micro-vortex generator with a special configuration and the longitudinal suction slot are adopted. The calculated results show that a reverse flow region, which is considered the main reason for occurring stall at 7.9° incidence, grows and collapses rapidly near the leading edge and leads to two critical points occurring on the end-wall with the increasing incidence in the baseline. As the micro-vortex generator is introduced in the baseline cascade, the corner separation is switched to a trailing edge separation by the thrust from the induced vortex. Meanwhile, the occurrence of failure is delayed due to the mixed low energy fluid and main flow. The synergistic effects between the micro-vortex generator and the boundary layer suction on the performance of the cascade are superior to the baseline at all the incidence conditions before the occurrence of failure, and the sudden deterioration of the cascade occurs at 10.3° incidence. The optimal results show that the farther upstream suction position, the lower total pressure loss of the cascade with vortex generator at the near stall condition. Moreover, the induced vortex with a leg can migrate the accumulated low energy fluid backward to delay the occurrence of stall.     

Instability characteristics of a co-rotating wingtip vortex pair based on bi-global linear stability analysis

The Stereo Particle Image Velocimetry (SPIV) technology is applied to measure the wingtip vortices generated by the up-down symmetrical split winglet. Then, the temporal bi-global Linear Stability Analysis (bi-global LSA) is performed on this nearly equal-strength co-rotating vortex pair, which is composed of an upper vortex (vortex-u) and a down vortex (vortex-d). The results show that the instability eigenvalue spectrum illustrated by (ω_r, ω_i) contains two types of branches: discrete branch and continuous branch. The discrete branch contains the primary branches of vortex-u and vortex-d, the secondary branch of vortex-d and coupled branch, of which all of the eigenvalues are located in the unstable half-plane of ω_i > 0, indicating that the wingtip vortex pair is temporally unstable. By contrast, the eigenvalues of the continuous branch are concentrated on the half-plane of ω_i < 0 and the perturbation modes correspond to the freestream perturbation. In the primary branches of vortex-u and vortex-d, Mode P_u and Mode P_d are the primary perturbation modes, which exhibit the structures enclosed with azimuthal wavenumber m and radial wavenumber n, respectively. Besides, the results of stability curves for vortex-u and vortex-d demonstrate that the instability growth rates of vortex-u are larger than those of vortex-d, and the perturbation energy of Mode P_u is also larger than that of Mode P_d. Moreover, the perturbation energy of Mode P_u is up to 0.02650 and accounts for 33.56% percent in the corresponding branch, thereby indicating that the instability development of wingtip vortex is dominated by Mode P_u. By further investigating the topological structures of Mode P_u and Mode P_d with streamwise wavenumbers, the most unstable perturbation mode with a large azimuthal wavenumber of m = 5–6 is identified, which imposes on the entire core region of vortex-u. This large azimuthal wavenumber perturbation mode can suggest the potential physical-based flow control strategy by manipulating it.     

压气机引气系统典型减涡器减阻特性对比分析

为对用于压气机引气系统的典型减涡器结构的减阻特性进行对比,采用数值模拟与试验研究相结合的方法对带三种典型减涡器的径向内流共转盘腔模型开展研究,并与无减涡器共转盘腔基准模型进行了对比。模型试验验证了数值模拟方法的可靠性,通过数值模拟,分析了各模型流场结构、速度分布、哥氏力分布和压力损失特性,对典型减涡器的减阻特性有了更深入的认识。结果表明：虽然三种典型减涡器结构差异较大,通过布置不同结构的减涡器,降低或抑制了共转盘腔内旋流比的增长速度和幅度,显著降低了压气机引气系统径向内流共转盘腔的压力损失,获得相近的减阻效果。与基准模型相比,在计算模型进出口截面间,去旋喷嘴式减涡器模型压力损失降低了73.4%;管式减涡器模型压力损失降低了80.7%,翅片式减涡器模型压力损失降低了84.5%。     

通道前缘小叶片对轴流压气机叶栅气动性能的影响研究

为了更好地控制压气机静叶角区分离,结合翼刀和涡流发生器的流动控制思想,提出一种在叶栅通道前缘端壁设置小叶片的新型流动控制手段。以某高负荷轴流压气机叶栅为研究对象,基于数值方法深入分析了不同周向位置和安装角的小叶片对流场的影响。结果表明：小叶片存在提升叶栅气动性能的最佳周向位置和安装角范围。在近失速工况附近,小叶片可减缓角区分离,提高全叶高的扩压能力,但会不可避免地增加中间叶高位置处的流动分离和气动载荷;小叶片可减少角区分离损失和尾迹损失,提高各流向位置处的静压系数。小叶片能阻碍马蹄涡压力面分支发展,减缓叶栅前缘附近的横向二次流动。从小叶片叶顶泄漏的诱导涡可将马蹄涡压力面分支推向流向,带走端壁和角区附近的低能流体,从而削弱通道涡强度。     

用端壁造型减小涡轮叶栅二次流损失的数值研究

分别对常规叶栅、下端壁上凸和下端壁下凹叶栅的流场进行了详尽的数值模拟,通过将下端壁上凸和下端壁下凹叶栅中的通道涡的发生、发展过程与常规叶栅进行对比分析,对非轴对称端壁造型减小涡轮叶栅二次流损失的机理进行了初步的探讨。结果表明:下端壁上凸叶栅出口处的总压损失比常规叶栅下降了4.2%,下端壁下凹叶栅出口处的总压损失比常规叶栅增加了11.9%;在下端壁上凸叶栅中,下通道涡的形成比常规叶栅和下端壁下凹叶栅滞后,失去了充分发展的"机会"。这是非轴对称端壁造型能够减小涡轮叶栅二次流损失的根本原因。     

V型尾缘喷管流场特性数值模拟

模拟计算了一系列V型尾缘(Chevron)收敛喷管的详细涡结构(包括流向涡和展向涡)、引射系数、推力损失等性能,并与相关实验结果进行了对比验证。采用有限体积QUC IK格式和标准k-ε湍流模型,结合壁面函数求解雷诺平均的N-S方程。通过模拟计算与实验结果的对比,验证了计算方法的可行性。通过计算得出:V型尾缘喷管齿弯角越大,核心区长度越短,喷管出口下游的流向涡和展向涡的强度和尺度也越大。V型尾缘的齿弯角每增加1°,对应的喷管的堵塞比约增加0.98%,喷管的推力损失约增加1.71%,引射系数约增加3.45%。     

射流式旋涡发生器对涡轮流动分离控制

通过数值计算,研究了稳态小孔射流式旋涡发生器VGJs(Vortex Generator Jets)对低雷诺数涡轮流动分离的控制。通过对VGJs射流孔径、孔间距的几何参数研究,分析了射流对分离流动的控制机理。在此基础上,提出并详细研究了多种不同孔径射流孔组合排列结构对分离流动的控制效果与作用机理。研究结果表明,射流孔组合排列结构,以大孔射流为主,采用小孔小流量射流对大孔射流控制的分离流场进行"弥补"与调节,可实现总压损失进一步降低22%,射流流量减小25%。     

涡与涡以及涡与附面层之间相互作用的试验研究

涡由叠合式三角形涡流发生器产生。对涡与涡之间的相互作用研究表明,反向旋转涡之间相互作用使得相邻涡之间向上或向下速度增加。同向旋转涡之间相互作用造成相邻涡的干扰,使涡变弱。对涡与附面层之间的相互作用研究表明,涡改变了附面层的速度分布,使附面层内层速度分布饱满,减小了附面层形状因子。附面层对涡的作用使得涡的耗散大大加快,涡量减小,涡核半径变大,涡的有效作用距离减小。