航空材料高速高效加工方法

高速高效加工是航空制造领域的重要发展方向,已广泛应用于飞机与航空发动机等复杂整体结构零件的加工,显著提高了生产效率、降低了生产成本。主要阐述了典型航空材料的高速高效加工方法及航空产品加工应用实例,同时指出了高速高效加工技术未来的发展方向。     

基于“空铁联运”模型的民航与高铁发展研究

民航与铁路都是我国当前综合运输体系中的重要组成部分。在目前我国高速铁路迅猛发展这一背景下,针对二者的竞争态势,本文从旅客角度分析了二者的各自优势,提出采用"空铁联运"模式来协调民用航空与高速铁路的发展,从而优化我国交通运输体系,提高交通运输效率,并在此基础之上,构建符合我国国情的"空铁联运"模型。     

行星际强磁场结构中的亚阿尔文波速流

1982年11月23日开始的极高速太阳风流追赶强磁场结构的事件,形成了高密度前鞘-强磁场本体-高密度后鞘-高速流的组合结构。本文分析了此组合结构的磁流体动力学特征,发现在强磁场本体内出现行星际亚阿尔文波速流,并推论了其可能的成因。      

焊接电弧波形和图像的同步采集与再现

进行了焊接电弧高速摄像图像和信号波形的同步采集和再现研究,给出了电弧图像和波形再现具体实现技术,并利用该技术成功地进行了电弧光谱信息检测熔滴过渡过程、二氧化碳短路过渡过程和变极性MIG焊电弧行为的研究。     

Flame features and oscillation characteristics in near-blowout swirl-stabilized flames using high-speed OH-PLIF and mode decomposition methods

Flame features and dynamics are important to the explanation and prediction of a lean blowout (LBO) phenomenon. In this paper, recognition of near-LBO flame features and oscillation characterization methods were proposed based on flame spectroscopic images. High-speed planar laser-induced fluorescence measurements of OH were used to capture unique dynamic features such as the local extinction and reignition feature and entrained reactant pockets. The Zernike moment demonstrated a good performance in recognition of stability and near-LBO conditions, though the geometric moment had more advantages to characterize frequency characteristics. Low-frequency oscillations, especially at the obvious self-excited oscillation frequency around 200 Hz, were found when approaching an LBO condition, which can be expected to be used as a novel prediction characteristic parameter of the flameout limit. Proper orthogonal decomposition (POD) and dynamic mode decomposition (DMD) were used to conduct dynamic analysis of near-LBO flames. POD modes spectra showed the unique frequency characteristics of stable and near-LBO flames, which were basically in line with those at the heat-release frequency. The primary POD modes demonstrated that the radial vibration mode dominated in a stable flame, while the rotation mode was found to exist in a near-LBO flame. Analysis of modal decomposition showed that flame shedding and agminated entrained reactant pockets were responsible for generating self-excited flame oscillations.     

连续均匀热气流中液核/袋状破碎特性实验

为了获得热气流中单液滴液核/袋状破碎特性，采用高速摄像机对液滴变形、破碎过程进行了捕获.实验设计工况下所得结果表明:①液核/袋状破碎过程是液滴中液体流动与外界气动力共同作用下发生的，可以分为伞形破碎与勺形破碎；②液滴初始直径减小、气流温度增加，都可以降低液滴发生液核/袋状破碎所需最小气动力；③液滴破碎特征时间，随气动力增加呈负增长变化趋势，其值与变化梯度都随液滴初始直径增加而增大；④子液滴质量分数随气动力增加而增加，且随液滴初始直径增加而减小；⑤子液滴群质量分数的空间离散度都随气动力增加而增加.      

喷注角度对超声速气流中液体横向射流的影响

为探索超声速气流中变角度组合射流对喷注雾化过程的影响，采用高速摄影和基于KH-RT破碎模型的欧拉-拉格朗日数值仿真方法开展研究，仿真结果和实验吻合较好。研究表明，同一流量下逆流喷注，可以较为有效地增强混合效果，提升射流穿透深度。带扩张型面内液雾穿透深度呈现先增大后降低的趋势。等流量条件下顺流双孔喷注有效截面面积大体一致，略低于单孔直喷。等效流量下逆流喷注所得液雾截面面积收益最为明显。截面平均粒径方面，单孔喷注雾化粒径基本一致，顺流双孔喷雾粒径较小。等压降顺流对喷由于流量较大，雾化质量相对较差，平均粒径最大。     

Physics-based model for boundary layer transition prediction in a wide speed range

A new physics-based model employing three transport equations is developed for the simulation of boundary layer transitions in a wide speed range. The laminar kinetic energy is used to represent pretransitional streamwise velocity fluctuations, taking account of different instability modes. The fluctuation velocity components normal to the streamwise direction are modeled by another transport equation. Transition is triggered automatically with the development of the pretransitional velocity fluctuations. In the fully turbulent region, the model reverts to the k-ω turbulence model. Different test cases, including subsonic, supersonic and hypersonic flows around flat plates, airfoils and straight cones, are numerically simulated to validate the performance of the model. The results demonstrate the excellent predictive capabilities of the model in different paths of transition. The model can serve as a basis for the extension of additional transition mechanisms, such as rotation and curvature effects, roughness-induced transition and crossflow-induced transition.     

某高速着陆无人机方向舵纠偏控制设计及性能分析

无人机高速着陆过程中,由于侧风或初始干扰导致的滑跑侧偏极其危险。基于高速状态下方向舵纠偏效率高的特点,建立某无人机高速着陆动力学模型,设计方向舵纠偏控制策略,并基于Matlab/Simulink平台建立无人机滑跑非线性动力学模型及方向舵纠偏控制模型;对具有初始1°偏航角和1m/s持续垂直侧风情况下的无人机着陆工况进行仿真分析,并通过控制着陆速度、着陆初始姿态角和侧风强度,分析纠偏控制系统的性能。结果表明:所设计的纠偏控制系统具有一定的航向纠偏和抗持续侧风能力,最大侧偏距小于3 m,偏航角小于5°,较好地实现了高速滑跑阶段的侧向纠偏性能。     

Full mode flight dynamics modelling and control of stopped-rotor UAV

The Stopped-Rotor (SR) UAV combines the advantages of vertical take-off and landing of helicopter and high-speed cruise of fixed-wing aircraft. At the same time, it also has a unique aerodynamic layout, which leads to great differences in the control and aerodynamic characteristics of various flight modes, and brings great challenges to the flight dynamics modelling and control in full-mode flight. In this paper, the flight dynamics modelling and control method of SR UAV in full-mode flight is studied. First, based on the typical flight profile of SR UAV when performing missions, using the theory and method of fuzzy mathematics, the T-S flight dynamics model of SR UAV in full-mode flight is established by synthesizing the flight dynamics model of each flight mode. Then, an explicit model tracking and parameter adjusting control system based on fuzzy theory is designed to enhance the stability of the inner loop of SR UAV in full-mode flight, which effectively reduces the coupling between axes and improves the control quality of the system. Finally, the outer loop control system is designed by using classical control method, and the control law of SR UAV in full-mode automatic flight is obtained. The simulation results show that the proposed control system design method is feasible and effective, which lays a solid foundation for the subsequent engineering implementation of the SR UAV.