高速电弧喷涂FeNiCrAl涂层制备工艺对涂层性能影响

FeNiCrAl涂层是一种用作轴类零部件的表面耐磨防护材料,为深入研究高速电弧喷涂工艺对FeNiCrAl涂层性能的影响机理,对不同喷涂参数下制备的涂层的组织结构、结合强度、物相组成和显微硬度等性能进行分析表征,探究“喷涂电流-涂层组织结构-结合强度”之间的关系。结果表明：喷涂电流对涂层的组织致密性及结合强度影响较大;喷涂电流200 A、电压34 V、喷涂距离160 mm的工艺参数下制备的FeNiCrAl涂层组织致密,孔隙率约8.76%,结合强度52.3 MPa,涂层硬度约626 HV0.1,约为基体硬度的1.6倍;影响机理与Fe-Al金属间化合物和Cr0.19 Fe0.1 Ni0.11固溶体在涂层内部均匀弥散分布有关。     

基于Gerber模型的DFR法与结构细节效应

在实际工程应用中,基于Goodman模型估算结构细节疲劳额定强度(DFR)的方法偏于保守,不够经济.本工作推导基于Gerber模型的DFR值D(应力比R=0.06)的计算公式,引入细节效应系数以考虑多细节对置信度系数和D估算结果的影响;与已有结果的比较发现:基于Gerber模型的D的估算方法能够较大程度地发挥材料的潜能,降低研发成本.利用构件细节额定值系数法,通过单个细节结构的D估算了含多个细节的结构的D.估算结果与试验结果的比较验证了基于Gerber模型的DFR法的准确性和适用性.     

动力对全机水滴收集率的影响计算

针对飞机在飞行中遭遇过冷水滴撞击并结冰现象,建立了适合于发动机带动力情况下结冰过程水滴收集率计算的三维数值方法和计算程序.其基本思路为:采用多块技术与SIMPLE方法计算空气流场,以流场分布的计算结果为基础,求解水滴相的控制方程,进而获得物体表面的水滴收集率.空气相控制方程和水滴相控制方程均写成典型输运方程的形式,采用一致的有限体积法离散求解,方便了计算程序的编制.对某型运输机巡航构型有/无动力条件的水滴收集率进行了比较计算,获得了不同直径水滴在飞机表面的撞击特征以及水滴收集率在飞机机翼、平尾、垂尾和发动机进气道唇口上的分布规律.研究表明:(1)发动机是否带动力对机翼、平尾、垂尾的水滴收集率基本无影响;(2)飞机带动力主要影响发动机进气道唇口处的水滴收集率,带动力后唇口的收集率比无动力情况高,水滴撞击范围增大,在进行防除冰研究和设计时需引起重视.     

软式空中加油受油机头波数值仿真分析

针对软式空中加油对接过程中受油机头波加剧软管锥套飘摆、降低对接成功率的问题,建立了受油机三维模型,利用Delaunay方法自下向上生成非结构网格.通过计算ONERA M6三维翼型表面压力分布和压力系数,验证了三维Navier-Stokes方程和SST k-ω湍流模型的有效性.在此基础上对不同飞行条件下受油机头波进行静态数值计算,分析了头波随马赫数和迎角的变化规律,并通过仿真解释了头波影响下软管锥套的飘摆原因,预测了对接时锥套的运动趋势.     

减压腔宽度对刷式密封泄漏特性和滞后效应的影响

对减压腔轴向宽度分别为0、04 mm和06 mm的基本型和两种低滞后刷式密封结构进行了静态和动态下压差升降和转子转速升降循环试验,并对其泄漏特性和滞后效应进行了研究。研究结果表明:压差大于02 MPa后,同一压差下的动态泄漏系数比静态降低约14%~20%;低滞后结构的密封性能优于基本型,其泄漏系数最高比基本型降低约20%;静态压差升降循环中,减压腔轴向宽度为06 mm的低滞后结构的滞后效应最强;动态的压差升降循环中,基本型结构的滞后效应最强。转子转速升降循环前后,w为06 mm结构泄漏系数减小约15%,滞后效应最强,减压腔轴向宽度为04 mm结构几乎不存在滞后效应;三种结构中,减压腔轴向宽度为04 mm的结构密封性能最优,滞后效应也最弱。     

液体火箭发动机诱导轮空化热力学效应研究

为了研究空化热力学效应,以模型诱导轮为研究对象,改变流量、水温等条件,对其内部空化流动进行了可视化实验研究,完整记录了从空化初生至性能断裂点各工况的空化区形态。结果表明:温度对诱导轮无空化水力性能没有显著影响,但是高温下诱导轮的空化性能断裂点被显著延后,体现了热力学效应的影响。对比不同温度下的空化区形态,发现热力学效应的强弱与流动工况密切相关,在小空化数下体现得更为显著。同时引入一种半经验的理论模型预测热效应对空化性能的影响,小流量(Φ=0.071)下预测结果与实验结果平均偏差为5.5%,大流量(Φ=0.088)下平均偏差为10.8%,验证了模型在本文应用条件下的可靠性。     

Estimation of ground range on the sweep frequency backscatter leading edge

The high frequency management system with backscatter radar supplies the real time ionosphere channel conditions to high frequency users, which leads to the demand for the ground range between the radar location and the scatters on the distant ground. The ionosphere electron density profile is usually inversed to obtain the ground range. An inversion algorithm, with which the ground range on the leading edge of the backscatter ionograms can be obtained without electron density, is presented in this paper. The ray path geometry of the backscatter sounding and the change in the group path on the leading edge with operating frequency are used to derive the ground range. Synthesized backscatter ionogram and experimental backscatter ionograms are processed to validate the algorithm. The results indicate that the algorithm is usable for high frequency management system.     

螺旋桨目标的雷达回波信号相位解缠技术

建立了螺旋桨的雷达回波信号模型。对模型回波信号的相位混叠效应进行了理论分析,讨论了回波相位混叠效应出现的原因,通过模型改进获得了螺旋桨的雷达回波相位的理论表达式。提出插值与可调门限相结合的算法和自适应数值积分算法两种相位解缠方法,分别用于桨叶数为偶数和奇数时的相位解缠。仿真结果表明:两种算法有较高的精度。     

运动的核弹比静止的核弹威力小?——多普勒效应、红移、光行差和动体的质能当量关系

证明爱因斯坦立足于光速不变假设和长度收缩假设的洛伦茨变换未能正确地解释多普勒效应、红移和光行差现象;他也未能给出正确的动体的质能当量关系.作者立足于完全符合相对性原理的伽利略变换,成功地解决了上述问题.     

Satellite and ground detection of very dense smoke clouds produced on the islands of the Paraná river delta that affected a large region in Central Argentina

Intense fires were produced on the Paraná river delta islands, Argentina, during most part of 2008, by a combination of an exceptionally dry period and the farmers’ use of a fire land-cleaning technique. In April 2008, those fires significantly affected the nearby regions and their inhabitants, from Rosario city to Buenos Aires mega-city. In this work we present satellite as well as ground Aerosol Optical Depth (AOD) at 550 nm data obtained during the propagation of pollution clouds to the central zone of Argentina. The highest value (1.18) was registered at Buenos Aires by atmospheric remote sensing, using the satellite instrument MODIS/Terra on April 18th 2008 at 10:35 local time (= UT − 3 h). On the same day, ground air quality detectors also measured in this city the highest Total Suspended Particle (TSP) value of the month, 2.02 mg/m³. The AOD(550) daily variation at Rosario Astronomical Observatory, which is located near the Paraná riverside, was derived by combining solar ultraviolet erythemal irradiance data (measured with a YES biometre) with model calculations. On April 25th 2008, from 12:00 to 15:30 local time, a rather high and constant AOD(550) value was registered, with a mean value of (0.90 ± 0.21). Cities located on the side of the Rosario–Buenos Aires highway (San Nicolás, Baradero and San Pedro) were also affected, showing a mean AOD(550) between the Rosario and Buenos Aires values. The particulate matter was collected with gridded samplers placed on the Paraná river islands as well as at the Rosario Observatory. They were analysed with a Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and mainly showed a biological origin. Even if normally large particles travel small distances from the source, organic aerosol in the range of 40–100 μm and complex asymmetric structures were registered several kilometres away from the aerosol sources on the islands. Another event of intense UV index attenuation (98.6%) occurred on September 18th 2008, due to very dense smoke clouds that extended over the Rosario area for several hours. The clouds were driven away from the fires by East–northeast and East–southeast winds. The minimum value of this index measured around noon allows to derive a maximum AOD(550)_max = (3.65 ± 0.90) at 12:45 local time. Soot clouds extended over the Paraná river, transporting Burned Biomass Debris (BBD) that deposited on Rosario. In particular, burned leaves and small branches with dimensions of 1–20 cm were collected. The mean (BBD) particles deposited on the ground from 7:00 to 19:00 local time were (0.92 ± 0.20) BBD/(m² h).