Use of principal component analysis in the identification of the spatial pattern of an ionospheric total electron content anomalies after China’s May 12, 2008, M = 7.9 Wenchuan earthquake

This paper uses principal component analysis (PCA) to determine the spatial pattern of total electron content (TEC) anomalies in the ionosphere post the China’s Wenchuan Earthquake of 12 May, 2008 (UTC) (M_w = 7.9). PCA and image processing are applied to the global ionospheric map (GIM) with transforms conducted for the time period 08:00–10:00 UT on 12 May 2008. Results show that at a height of approximately 200 km the anomaly is widespread and less intense; however, it becomes more localized with height reaching maximum intensity and localization at an altitude of 300 km. The spatial distribution is remarkably similar to that reported for a TEC anomaly previously identified as a precursor anomaly on May 9, 2008 for the same time period. Potential causes of the results are discussed with emphasis given to vertical acoustic gravity waves based on the spatial pattern identified.     

Analysis of a topside ionospheric model using GPS and ionosonde observables

Ground-based vertical incidence soundings are well suited to model the bottom-side ionosphere but are not so good for dependably modelling the topside ionosphere. This study aims to combine vertical incidence sounding and dual-frequency GPS measurements to reconstruct the topside profile. The reconstruction technique relays on the use of the so-called vary-Chap approach that use an α-Chapman function with a continuously varying scale height.     

Total electron content measurements in ionospheric physics

With the advent of modern global networks of dual-frequency Global Positioning System (GPS), total electron content (TEC) measurements along slant paths connecting GPS receivers and satellites at 22,000 km have become the largest data set available to ionospheric scientists. The TEC can be calculated from the time and phase delay in the GPS signal using the GPS Toolkit, but an unknown bias will remain. In addition, UHF/VHF radio beacons on board low-Earth-orbiting satellites can also be used to measure the electron content. However, the TEC measurements are obtained by integrating TEC differences between slant paths, but also contain biases. It is often necessary to use data assimilative algorithms like the Ionospheric Data Assimilation Three-Dimensional (IDA3D), and to treat both GPS- and LEO-beacon TEC measurements as relative data in order to conduct ionospheric studies.     

基于知识本体的资源管理平台框架设计与实现

针对大量领域信息资源缺乏有效内容分析这一问题,设计、开发了通过构建领域本体来充分发掘信息资源之间内在关系,实现信息资源增值服务的原型系统.首先构造了服装知识本体CO(Costume Ontology)用来表示服装领域知识.利用CO对被管信息资源进行语义描述,在描述数据库的基础上,实现基于语义的信息检索.讨论了服装知识本体的建模过程,本体的形式化表示以及存储方式.实验系统采用J2EE架构,开发了存储组件、语义查询接口组件、语义分析组件和语义推理组件.通过使用资源描述框架RDF,实现被管信息资源到知识本体层的映射.通过语义分析和语义推理,可以充分利用信息资源之间的关系实现相关信息资源检索与语义融合.     

多层次多策略的分布式网络信息过滤系统模型

在分析现有网络信息过滤技术的基础上,描述了一种多层次、多策略、可扩展的分布式网络信息过滤系统模型框架.该模型框架包括网络信息数据分析、过滤及转发等功能,采用细粒度的内容过滤策略,在保证信息数据安全性的基础上,提高了数据转发的速度,缩短了数据传送的延时,并可以插件的形式灵活地挂载过滤程序,具有很好的开放性和可扩展性.该系统模型可以根据具体的需求,以模块的形式灵活地重组和配置各项功能,可在分布式环境下协同工作,提高了系统的性能.本系统的各种数据处理过程对用户是完全透明的,减少了对用户的影响.      

三层月壤模型的多通道微波辐射模拟与月壤厚度的反演

由月球表面数字高程试验性地构造了整个月球表面月壤厚度的分布.根据Clementine探月卫星的紫外-可见光光学数据,计算了整个月球表面月壤中FeO+TiO2含量分布,给出了整个月球表面月壤介电常数分布.由月球表层温度的观测结果以及月壤的导热特性,给出了月尘层与月壤层温度随纬度分布的经验公式.在这些条件的基础上,建立了月尘、月壤、月岩三层微波热辐射模型.由起伏逸散定理,模拟计算了该月球模型多通道辐射亮度温度.然后,以此辐射亮度温度模拟加随机噪声为理论观测值,按三层模型提出了月壤层厚度反演方法.由于高频通道穿透深度小,由高频通道的辐射亮度温度按照两层月尘-月壤微波热辐射模型反演月尘层与月壤层的物理温度,再由穿透深度较大的低频通道辐射亮度温度反演月壤层厚度.对于反演的相对误差也进行了讨论.      

Variability study of the crest-to-trough TEC ratio of the equatorial ionization anomaly around 120°E longitude

In this paper, latitudinal profiles of the vertical total electron content (TEC) deduced from the dual-frequency GPS measurements obtained at ground stations around 120°E longitude were used to study the variability of the equatorial ionization anomaly (EIA). The present study mainly focuses on the analysis of the crest-to-trough TEC ratio (TEC-CTR) which is an important parameter representing the strength of EIA. Data used for the present study covered the time period from 01 January, 1998 to 31 December, 2004. An empirical orthogonal function analysis method is used to obtain the main features of the TEC-CTR’s diurnal and seasonal variations as well as its solar activity level dependency. Our results showed that: (1) The diurnal variation pattern of the TEC-CTR at 120°E longitude is characterized by two remarkable peaks, one occurring in the post-noon hours around 13–14 LT, and the other occurring in the post-sunset hours around 20–21 LT, and the post-sunset peak has a much higher value than the post-noon one. (2) Both for the north and south crests, the TEC-CTR at 120°E longitude showed a semi-annual variation with maximum peak values occurring in the equinoctial months. (3) TEC-CTR for the north crest has lower values in summer than in winter, whereas TEC-CTR for the south crest does not show this ‘winter anomaly’ effect. In other words, TEC-CTR for both the north and south crests has higher values in the northern hemispheric winter than in the northern hemispheric summer. (4) TEC-CTR in the daytime post-noon hours (12–14 LT) does not vary much with the solar activity, however, TEC-CTR in the post-sunset hours (19–21 LT) shows a clear dependence on the solar activity, its values increasing with solar activity.     

电镀硬铬工艺对TC6钛合金性能的影响研究

研究了电镀硬铬工艺对TC6钛合金的影响,利用氢测定仪、拉伸试验机、疲劳试验机等设备对镀铬后TC6钛合金的氢含量、力学和疲劳等性能进行了研究。结果表明:TC6钛合金电镀硬铬后基体氢含量显著提高,氢含量合格但接近上限,不能通过氢脆实验。建议TC6钛合金电镀硬铬工艺不应用在高应力集中及高承载部位,以避免氢脆发生。抗拉强度基本不变,伸长率和断面收缩率有所降低,分别降低17.3%和24.0%。TC6钛合金电镀硬铬后由于镀层造成的残余拉应力,使得疲劳极限显著降低,由626.0MPa降低至201.3MPa。     

基于热熔法的铺丝用预浸纱含胶量控制

针对轨道飞行器用高模量碳纤维复合材料品种多、批量小、质量要求高的特点,研究自动铺丝用预浸纱制备的质量控制方法。研究了直接热熔法中不同工艺参数对预浸纱含胶量的影响规律,运用正交试验定量分析了诸因素的影响程度,研究结果表明：限位辊与擦胶辊间隙对含胶量的影响最大,其次分别为收卷速率、树脂温度、差速比、放纱张力;制备HS40/CY-10W高模量碳纤维/氰酸酯预浸纱的最优工艺参数为：两辊间隙0.15 mm、收卷速率12.56 m/min、树脂温度100 ℃、差速比60%、放纱张力13 N。制备的预浸纱宽度稳定、含胶量为34.0±1.0%、离散系数≤0.79%,满足铺丝用精密预浸纱要求。     

Response of photosynthetic systems to salinity stress in the desert cyanobacterium Scytonema javanicum

The present study investigated the physiological and biochemical characteristics of Scytonema javanicum, a pioneer species isolated from desert biological crusts, under salinity stress. Pigment analysis showed that salinity decreased chlorophyll a and phycocyanin content, while low salinity increased carotenoid concentration and high salinity decreased carotenoid concentration. Salinity also inhibited CO₂ assimilation rate and photosynthetic oxygen evolution in this cyanobacterium. Chlorophyll a fluorescence transient parameters (φPo, φEo, ψO, RC/ABS, RC/CS, PI_ABS, and PI_CS) were decreased under salt stress, while dVo/dto(Mo), Vj and φDo were increased. The decrease of ETRmax and Yield and the change of chlorophyll a fluorescence transients showed that salt stress had an important influence on photosynthesis. These results indicated that the effects of salinity stress on photosynthesis in S. javanicum may depend on the inhibition of electron transport and the inactivation of the reaction centers, but this inhibition may occur in the electron transport pathway at the PSII donor and acceptor sites.