高科技与微型涡轮发动机的研制

在收集、分析国外某些微型涡轮发动机的文献和实物的基础上，结合参加自行设计微型涡轮发动机的体会，提出应用现有的和正在发展中的新技术、新材料、新工艺，将对微型涡轮发动机的性能和研制周期产生较大的影响。     

气动参数对后台阶三维缝隙换热影响的研究

针对涡轮叶片尾缘冷却结构特点,建立了后台阶三维缝隙结构气膜冷却特性试验台,测量了缝隙中心和肋中心下游换热系数的局部分布,研究了不同雷诺数Re(5000~15000)与吹风比Br(0.5~2.0)对换热系数的影响规律,试验结果表明:(1)出口的换热系数总体呈下降趋势,但在肋后中心线略有起伏;(2)随着Re的增大,换热系数增大,随着Br的增大,换热系数减小;(3)在靠近出口位置,由于热边界层与三维掺混特性流场的影响,使得换热变得复杂。     

Microstructure and Optical Characterization of Magnetron Sputtered NbN Thin Films

Some fundamental studies on the preparation, structure and optical properties of NbN films were carried out. NbN thin films were deposited by DC reactive magnetron sputtering at different N2 partial pressures and different substrate temperatures ranging from –50 ℃ to 600 ℃. X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were employed to characterize their phase com- ponents, microstructures, grain sizes and surface morphology. Optical properties inclusive of refractive indexes, extinction coefficients and transmittance of the NbN films under different sputtering conditions were measured. With the increase in the N2 partial pressure, δ-NbN phase structure gets forming and the grain size and lattice constant of the cubic NbN increasing. The deposited NbN film has relatively high values of refractive index and extinction coefficient in the wavelength ranging from 240 nm to 830 nm. Substrate tem- perature exerts notable influences on the microstructure and optical transmittance of the NbN films. The grain sizes of the δ-NbN film remarkably increase with the rise of the substrate temperature, while the transmittance of the films with the same thickness decreases. Ultra-fine granular film with particle size of several nanometers forms when the substrate is cooled to –50 ℃, and a remarkable aug- mentation of transmittance could be noticed under so low a temperature.     

直升机旋翼试验塔研制与应用

本文介绍了我国第一座直升机旋翼试验塔的研制概况,主要包括旋翼试验塔在直升机行业中的地位、对旋翼研制的作用、试验塔的总体方案、各主要系统组成与特点、关键参数的确定、解决的关键技术等。由于该试验塔在总体和各系统设计方案的合理优化配置,使得它成为世界上试验能力领先的旋翼研制关键设备,使我国的旋翼研发能力提升到一个新的水平。     

聚焦脉冲激光大气传输热晕效应的数值分析

利用激光大气传输四维程序对序列脉冲激光大气传输热晕效应进行了数值计算和分析。对于均匀大气路径上聚焦传输序列脉冲激光进行数值仿真计算得到,风场渡越时间内的脉冲数Np在2~6之间有利于传输;然后对实际大气模式下序列脉冲激光进行了数值计算,得到的平均脉冲数-NP可以在一定条件下对序列脉冲激光进行定量表征的结论。     

Kinetic Monte Carlo Simulation of EB-PVD Film:Effects of Substrate Temperature

The 2D kinetic Monte Carlo (KMC) simulation was used to study the effects of different substrate temperatures on the microstruc-ture of Ni-Cr films in the process of deposition by the electron beam physical vapor deposition (EB-PVD). In the KMC model, substrate was assumed to be a “surface” of tight-packed rows, and the simulation includes two phenomena: adatom-surface collision and adatom diffusion. While the interaction between atoms was described by the embedded atom method, the jumping energy was calculated by the molecular static (MS) calculation. The initial location of the adatom was defined by the Momentum Scheme. The results reveal that there exists a critical substrate temperature which means that the lowest packing density and the highest surface roughness structure will be achieved when the temperature is lower than the smaller critical value, while the roughness of both surfaces and the void contents keep decreasing with the substrate temperature increasing until it reaches the higher critical value. The results also indicate that the critical substrate temperature rises as the deposition rate increases.     

用于激光推进的球隙火花开关放电特性的研究

在自行研制的高压球隙火花开关上,研究短间隙下(6 mm)不同工作气压、不同冷却气体速度对开关工作电压范围、延迟时间和抖动时间的影响及规律。结果表明:提高气压能扩大工作电压范围,增加开关的时延;吹气能够降低开关的时延,但增加开关的抖动时间。在本实验条件下,将开关工作气压从1×105Pa提高到2×105Pa,工作电压范围扩大了50%以上,但开关的时延增加了20 ns,抖动增加了10 ns;有气体冷却时开关的延迟时间比起无吹气时要小几十个纳秒。     

固冲火箭技术的发展与展望

通过若干典型例子系统总结了目前固冲火箭技术的研究与进展情况,着重指出了该技术在达到实际应用之前尚存在的关键技术问题,并对今后的研究与发展方向提出了建议。     

旋转对内冷通道气膜孔流量系数的影响

为了获得涡轮叶片旋转时对气膜孔流量系数的影响,采用非结构化网格及标准k-ε紊流模型,求解三维N-S方程,对带90°肋和气膜孔出流的旋转矩形通道内的三维流场进行了数值模拟,气动参数变化范围是:通道入口雷诺数Re=60000,150000,罗斯贝数Ro=0,0.11,0.22,气膜孔总出流比为0.22和0.09。Ro≠0时,旋转效应对气膜孔流量系数有明显影响,通道顺时针旋转时,科氏力由上壁面指向带气膜孔的下壁面,引起流量系数增加;通道逆时针旋转时,情况相反。计算结果还表明,在通道内同一径向位置处的两个气膜孔的流量系数是不同的,通道顺时针旋转时,进入左侧孔的流体和气膜孔轴线的夹角小于进入右侧孔的流体和气膜孔轴线的夹角,导致左侧孔的流量系数大于右侧孔的流量系数;通道逆时针旋转时,情况相反。Ro=0时的计算结果与实验数据符合很好。     

挤压油膜阻尼器的均匀两相流模型

在挤压油膜阻尼器内气穴现象实验研究的基础上，对挤压油膜因气穴现象而发生物理特性的变化进行了讨论。气液均相流模型作为挤压油膜的近似描述，导出了上述模型的密度和粘度与油膜压力之间的关系式。定性地分析了当挤压油膜采用这一可压缩模型时，其压力分布的描述更能与实际接近，对阻尼器的力学特性的准确预测有重要的参考价值。