Galileo卫星星钟故障前后信号质量分析

星载原子钟是卫星导航系统的核心器件,是影响导航信号质量的重要因素。2016年11月,Galileo系统利用一箭四星发射升空4颗新一代Galileo卫星。根据观测显示,截至2017年7月,仅能接收到其中1颗卫星发射的导航信号。在2017年1月,欧洲航天局通告称多颗卫星原子钟大规模故障。针对此,40m 大口径高增益天线系统设备对不同批次和星钟故障情况的3颗Galileo卫星E5频点信号进行了数据采集处理,对各信号分量的功率谱、星座图、码片波形、相关损失、相关峰、S曲线偏差等信号质量指标进行了分析评估。结果表明,此次星载原子钟的大面积故障并未影响Galileo卫星信号的可用性,足够的星载备份钟避免了信号质量的严重恶化。     

Galileo L1F信号载波跟踪环中鉴别器组合研究

为了更好地进行载波相位跟踪,Galileo L1F信号相比于GPS信号增加了没有导航数据的导频信道,使数据信道能够使用不受导航数据限制的鉴别器。但是Galileo L1F信号载波相位跟踪环中传统的鉴别器组合方式仍有不足。基于适用于单一导频信道的鉴别器性能优于适用于单一数据信道的鉴别器的原理,提出了新的鉴别器组合方式,并通过仿真实验对比在不同热噪声环境下传统组合方式的两种鉴别器组合和新组合方式的两种鉴别器组合的性能。研究结果表明新的鉴别器组合在Galileo L1F接收信号的抑制噪声和防止失锁控制方面比传统鉴别器组合有明显优势。     

Earth observation with MEO transmitters and UAS receivers: A potential utilization of Galileo constellation

Remote sensing application of Galileo upcoming constellation in the field of civil security is preliminarily analyzed, defining low resolution (25 m) and high resolution (7.5 m) working modes for a bistatic Synthetic Aperture Radar system utilizing Galileo satellites as transmitters and Unmanned Aerial Systems as receivers. Simulations offshore Somali coast and in a South Mediterranean Sea region showed that both low and high resolution acquisitions are feasible. For the low resolution mode a probability of successful image formation no matter the azimuth position of the receiving UAS has been estimated at nearly 100%. Whereas, for the high resolution mode it decreases to about 90%, which, if deemed unsatisfactory for the application, leads to the need for UAS to adapt its route to the actual Galileo satellite coverage.     

时间、空间及运动的测量原理与时间和空间的理论

本文从分析时间、空间及运动的测量机理出发建立的时间和空间理论。导出了建立在电磁信号单向传递的相对性原理基础上的时空对称的新加里略变换，并证明了麦克斯韦方程对新加里略变换的协变性。阐明了光速不变原理和洛伦兹变换的物理意义和实质。引进了两套自治的速度定义，对应两套自治的变换。讨论了超光速运动的测量机制，相对运动特征出现负值是超光速运动的特征，导出了对应超光速运动的新加里略变换和洛伦兹变换。     

Galileo系统在空间飞行器定位中的应用

欧洲的Galileo系统将在2008年建成，届时它将与美国的GPS系统相互补充。在对Galileo系统导航星座轨道和信号结构分析的基础上，结合各种不同轨道高度的空间飞行器用户的动态特点，推导了用户卫星接收天线的可见可用性模型，建立了基于Galileo坐标系统(ITRF-96)的高动态定位算法模型，针对实际航天工程任务的LEO和GEO卫星进行了定位仿真，为Galileo系统在空间领域的实际应用打下了基础。     

伽利略系统搜救服务端到端验证项目系统概念与性能分析

作为中欧合作伽利略卫星导航项目的重要组成部分,伽利略搜救服务前向链路端到端验证项目是中国区伽利略合作项目中唯一一个系统级项目。项目的主要目的是通过端到端验证项目检验伽利略搜救服务前向链路的服务性能,确认设计技术指标和对本地用户终端地面系统模拟器FLVE的性能预测。文章在此介绍了EEV系统组成和定位方法。在演示验证阶段,EEV项目组还设计了一个软件仿真平台用于在伽利略在轨测试卫星发射之前分析EEV系统性能。进行了由360个地球表面均匀分布的求救信标发射信号被全部伽利略卫星星座转发,时间跨度为15天的定位精度和覆盖范围分析。在FOA和TOA分别达到10μs和0.1Hz的情况下,FLVE定位精度为5km的覆盖范围达到半径5000km。FOA和TOA在恶劣情况下为15μs和0.2Hz的情况下,覆盖范围缩减为4000km,但还是达到了国际同类本地用户终端地面系统的先进水平。     

BOC信号的相关跟踪研究及GALILEO接收机设计初探

Galileo卫星导航系统是欧盟组织研发的新一代完全面向民用的卫星导航系统,使用了BOC(二进制副载波)这一独特的调制方式,研究BOC信号的相关峰特性,对设计接收机捕获跟踪通道是至关重要的。本文简要介绍了Galileo系统导航信号的特征和频率规划,对多种BOC信号的自相关性能、码跟踪方法进行了仿真,并探讨了接收机开发中的关键问题。     

Galileo短时突发搜救信号载波跟踪的锁相环设计

Galileo搜救信号转发器搭载于Galileo导航卫星,能实现对全球遇险用户信号的转发,这种搜救信号具有突发、短时的特点,一般的F/PLL跟踪环无法对其进行有效的载波跟踪并完成解调。文中提出一种利用载波辅助的锁相跟踪方法,通过理论分析和MATLAB仿真可知,此锁相环能在约50m s内达到同步,可以有效地完成Galileo搜救信号的解调。     

一种基于Bump-Jump的BOC(1，1)信号码跟踪方法

BOC调制方式使Galileo信号与传统GPS中的BPSK信号相比有着良好的抗多径和抗单频干扰特性,但由于其自相关函数的多峰值性,会带来跟踪误锁问题。文中以BOC(1,1)信号为例,详细介绍Bump-Jump跟踪算法的传统设计思想,并在此基础上提出一种新的利用鉴别器实现误锁判断的码跟踪方法,且在现有的Galileo软件仿真平台上进行验证。实验结果表明,方法能有效地减少误锁,使码跟踪环路正确地跟踪主峰。     

Fast calibration of between-receiver GPS/Galileo/BDS differential phase bias with millimeter accuracy based on short baseline mode

The differential code and phase biases induced by the receiver hardware (including receiver, antenna, firmware, etc.) of the Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) have significant effects on precise timing and ionosphere sensing, thus deserve careful treatment. In this contribution, we propose an approach to fast fix the single-difference ambiguity to finally obtain the unbiased estimates of between-receiver differential phase bias (BR-DPB) and between-receiver differential code-phase bias (BR-DCPB) based on the short baseline mode. The key to this method is that the error sources can be significantly eliminated due to the length of the baseline is very short. At the same time, the empirical constraints and random characteristics of BR-DPB/BR-DCPB were considered, which is conducive to the resolution of single-difference ambiguity. Several sets of GNSS data (GPS L1/L2, Galileo E1/E5b, and BDS B1/B3), recorded by the short baselines in an interval of 30 s and covered a broad range of receiver/antenna types (JAVA, SEPT, LEIC, and TRIM), were used to verify the effectiveness of the proposed method. The numerical tests show that the proposed method is capable of fast fixing the single-difference ambiguity successfully within a few epochs and then providing the unbiased estimates of BR-DPB and BR-DCPB in an epoch-by-epoch manner. Experiments show that the estimated BR-DPB is in millimeter accuracy, which is of great significance for the millimeter-accuracy phase time transfer and ionospheric delay estimation. Furthermore, the calibrated BR-DPB/BR-DCPB can be treated as the known products for long-distance precise timing and ionosphere sensing based on the inter-station single-difference model.