非均匀环境下利用单个数据集的STAP算法

对非均匀环境下利用单个数据集的机载雷达空时自适应处理(SDS-STAP)算法进行了研究。针对现有单个数据集类空时自适应算法存在的问题,提出了一种基于对待测数据集进行空时二维滑窗处理的二维幅度相位估计(2D-APES)算法。该算法利用回波的统计信息,不仅放宽了算法处理器对于雷达系统阵元数与脉冲数选取的约束,而且能够有效抑制杂波及待测单元内的干扰,同时降低了处理器的计算复杂度。最后,仿真数据及实测数据实验验证了所提算法的正确性与有效性。     

电离层周日变化对解算GPS硬件延迟稳定性的影响

针对电离层周日变化特征分析了其可能对SCORE方法估算的硬件延迟稳定性的影响. 利用BJFS以及XIAM台站的GPS观测数据, 解算了位于太阳活动高年(2001年)和太阳活动低年(2009年)的卫星硬件延迟并分析了估算的硬件延迟的稳定性. 研究发现, 电离层周日变化对估算的硬件延迟稳定性具有一定影响, 但是利用不同台站所得到的卫星硬件延迟稳定性在昼夜不同时间上的解算结果存在一定差异. 电离层周日变化对利用 BJFS台站数据解算的硬件延迟稳定性日夜差异较为明显, 在太阳活动高年利用XIAM 台站数据解算的硬件延迟日夜稳定性差异不很明显, 由于XIAM台站处于电离层赤道异常峰附近, 夜间电离层变化很大, 因此对比中纬度地区, 电离层周日变化对赤道异常峰附近地区硬件延迟稳定性解算结果的影响相对较小, 但在太阳活动低年, 其影响仍较为显著.      

Instantaneous BeiDou–GPS attitude determination: A performance analysis

The advent of modernized and new global navigation satellite systems (GNSS) has enhanced the availability of satellite based positioning, navigation, and timing (PNT) solutions. Specifically, it increases redundancy and yields operational back-up or independence in case of failure or unavailability of one system. Among existing GNSS, the Chinese BeiDou system (BDS) is being developed and will consist of geostationary (GEO) satellites, inclined geosynchronous orbit (IGSO) satellites, and medium-Earth-orbit (MEO) satellites. In this contribution, a BeiDou–GPS robustness analysis is carried out for instantaneous, unaided attitude determination.     

Estimation of GPS instrumental biases from small scale network

With 4 GPS receivers located in the equatorial anomaly region in southeast China, this paper proposes a grid-based algorithm to determine the GPS satellites and receivers biases, and at the same time to derive the total electron content (TEC) with time resolution of 15 min and spatial resolution of 1° by 3.5° in latitude and longitude. By assuming that the TEC is identical at any point within a given grid block and the biases do not vary within a day, the algorithm arranges unknown biases and TECs with slant path TEC from the 4 receivers’ observations into a set of equations. Then the instrumental biases and the TECs are determined by using the least squares fitting technique. The performance of the method is examined by applying it to the GPS receiver chain observations selected from 16 geomagnetically quiet days in four seasons of 2006. It is found that the fitting agrees with the data very well, with goodness of fit ranging from 0.452 TECU to 1.914 TECU. Having a mean of 0.9 ns, the standard deviations for most of the GPS satellite biases are less than 1.0 ns for the 16 days. The GPS receiver biases are more stable than that of the GPS satellites. The standard deviation in the 4 receiver bias is from 0.370 ns to 0.855 ns, with a mean of 0.5 ns. Moreover, the instrumental biases are highly correlated with those derived from CODE and JPL with independent methods. The typical precision of the derived TEC is 5 TECU by a conservative estimation. These results indicate that the proposed algorithm is valid and qualified for small scale GPS network.     

采用阵列天线的GPS接收机的多径抑制方法

提出一种新的用于阵列天线GPS接收机的多径抑制方法。考虑到通常GPS视线信号的来波方向与多径的来波方向不同,在每个导航数据符号位内测距（C/A）码重复,通过对阵列接收的信号矢量与它本身的延迟信号矢量互相关,提高接收机前端信噪比,再利用最大特征值法和前后向空间平滑技术准确地估计期望卫星视线信号（LOSS）的来波方向。最后综合多个GSC子阵列有效地降低了相关多径对码跟踪精度的影响。仿真结果显示,该方法能使接收机在与LOSS码同步前准确估计LOSS的角度信息,有效抑制相关多径,且鉴相结果准确。     

玉树地震前的电离层异常现象分析

分析了玉树地震前地基电离层探测临界频率、GPS TEC和卫星探测原位等离子体参量等多个参数的扰动变化信息, 研究了不同高度异常变化的时空关联性. 分析发现, 在地震前一天的4月13日, 多个电离层参量出现同步扰动异常, 电离层临界频率f₀F₂异常相对滑动中值增大40%, 异常空间上存在从震中东南向西南漂移的特性; GPS TEC异常增强15TECU (1TECU=1016m-2)左右, 分布于震中南部经度15°范围内, 且有明显的磁共轭效应; DEMETER观测的原位氧离子密度N_i(O+) 4月13日为1-4月中最强的一天, 异常分布偏向赤道区, 但仅局限在30°-50°左右的经度范围内. 综合三个参量的异常特征发现, 无论是空间的局地性还是时间上的密切关联均反映这次电离层扰动可能与玉树地震孕育有关. 结合其他观测信息, 进一步探讨了这次地震孕育过程的地震电离层耦合机理.      

高动态环境下GPS信号捕获研究

高动态环境信号的捕获是GPS接收机的关键技术,接收机处于高速运动的状态使GPS信号产生相位延迟和多普勒频移,增加了信号的捕获难度。分析了滑动相关捕获和基于FFT捕获两种算法,给出了基于FFT捕获算法的FPGA实现架构,并采用GPS信号仿真器对该设计的可行性进行了捕获验证。结果表明：在导航星相对载体的速度为1 000m/s,加速度为5g的情况下,基于FFT捕获算法可以实现信号的可靠捕获。     

Assessment of precision in ionospheric electron density profiles retrieved by GPS radio occultations

The Constellation Observing System for Meteorology Ionosphere and Climate (COSMIC) is a six satellite radio occultation mission that was launched in April 2006. The close proximity of these satellites during some months after launch provides a unique opportunity to evaluate the precision of Global Positioning System (GPS) radio occultation (RO) retrievals of ionospheric electron density from nearly collocated and simultaneous observations. RO data from 30 consecutive days during July and August 2006 are divided into ten groups in terms of daytime or nighttime and latitude. In all cases, the best precision values (about 1%) are found at the F peak height and they slightly degrade upwards. For all daytime groups, it is seen that electron density profiles above about 120 km height exhibit a substantial improvement in precision. Nighttime groups are rather diverse: in particular, the precision becomes better than 10% above different levels between 120 and 200 km height. Our overall results show that up to 100–200 km (depending on each group), the uncertainty associated with the precision is in the order of the measured electron density values. Even worse, the retrieved values tend sometimes to be negative. Although we cannot rely directly on electron density values at these altitudes, the shape of the profiles could be indicative of some ionospheric features (e.g. waves and sporadic E layers). Above 200 km, the profiles of precision are qualitatively quite independent from daytime or latitude. From all the nearly collocated pairs studied, only 49 exhibited a difference between line of sight angles of both RO at the F peak height larger than 10°. After analyzing them we find no clear indications of a significant representativeness error in electron density profiles due to the spherical assumption above 120 km height. Differences in precision between setting and rising GPS RO may be attributed to the modification of the processing algorithms applied to rising cases during the initial period of the COSMIC mission.     

Coordinated in situ measurements of plasma irregularities and ground based scintillation observations at the crest of equatorial anomaly

First comparison of in situ density fluctuations measured by the DEMETER satellite with ground based GPS receiver measurements at the equatorial anomaly station Bhopal (geographic coordinates (23.2°N, 77.6°E); geomagnetic coordinates (14.29°N, 151.12°E)) for the low solar activity year 2005, are presented in this paper. Calculation of the diurnal maximum of the strength of the equatorial electrojet, which can serve as precursor to ionospheric scintillations in the anomaly region is also done. The Langmuir Probe experiment and Plasma Analyzer onboard DEMETER measure the electron and ion densities respectively. Irregularities in electron density distribution cause scintillations on transionospheric links and there exists a close relationship between an irregularity and scintillation. In 40% of the cases, DEMETER detects the irregularity structures (dNe/Ne ? 5% and dNi/Ni (O⁺) ? 5%) and GPS L band scintillations (S4 ? 0.2) are also observed around the same time, for the low solar activity period. It is found that maximum irregularity intensity is obtained in the geomagnetic latitude range of 10–20° for both electron density and ion density. As the GPS signals pass through this irregularity structure, scintillations are recorded by the GPS receiver installed at the equatorial anomaly station, Bhopal it is interesting to note that in situ density fluctuations observed on magnetic flux tubes that pass over Bhopal can be used as indicator of ionospheric scintillations at that site. Many cases of density fluctuations and associated scintillations have been observed during the descending low solar activity period. The percentage occurrence of density irregularities and scintillations shows good correspondence with diurnal maximum of the strength of electrojet, however this varies with different seasons with maximum correspondence in summer (up to 66%) followed by equinox (up to 50%) and winter (up to 46%). Also, there is a threshold value of EEJ strength to produce density irregularities ((dNe/Ne)_max ? 5%) and for moderate to strong scintillations (S4 ? 0.3) to occur. For winter this value is found to be ∼40 nT whereas for equinox and summer it is around 50 nT.