Numerical modeling of a Global Navigation Satellite System in a general relativistic framework

In this article we model a Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) in a Schwarzschild space–time, as a first approximation of the relativistic geometry around the Earth. The closed time-like and scattering light-like geodesics are obtained analytically, describing respectively trajectories of satellites and electromagnetic signals. We implement an algorithm to calculate Schwarzschild coordinates of a GNSS user who receives proper times sent by four satellites, knowing their orbital parameters; the inverse procedure is implemented to check for consistency. The constellation of satellites therefore realizes a geocentric inertial reference system with no a priori realization of a terrestrial reference frame. We perform a simulation of position determination and show that the determination of the four coordinates with a 25–32 digit accuracy takes only around 60 ms. Effects of non-gravitational perturbations on positioning errors are assessed, and methods to reduce them are sketched. In particular, inter-links between satellites could greatly enhance stability and accuracy of the positioning system. Effects of gravitational perturbations are omitted in this paper in order to make a clearer comparison between the relativistic and non-relativistic scheme, but they will be included in subsequent work. We believe that the final algorithm will be a serious alternative to the usual post-Newtonian scheme.     

卫星导航进近技术进展

全球卫星定位系统（GNSS）增强系统能提供全天候无间断的卫星导航信号，可以辅助飞机进行进近。本文介绍了全球卫星导航系统进近着陆系统的基本组成、工作原理和功能特点，并对国内外研究进展进行了阐述。针对GNSS进近研究中的热点问题，重点论述了地基增强系统（GBAS）、星基增强系统（SBAS）、用户自主完好性监测（RAIM）等技术的发展现状，指出了GNSS进近技术实际工程应用仍然存在的问题，探讨了GNSS进近技术未来的发展方向。     

基于INS/GNSS紧耦合组合的逐步诱导式欺骗检测算法研究

传统惯性辅助GNSS欺骗信号检测方法对小于纯惯导误差漂移的逐步拉偏不敏感。针对这一问题,提出了一种基于INS/GNSS紧耦合组合的逐步诱导式欺骗信号检测方法。基于短时间内纯惯性导航结果和短时间惯导系统位置误差传播模型,利用惯导提供的位置和速度对伪距和伪距率时间序列进行预测估算,并结合伪距、伪距率实际测量结果,分别构造位置/伪距和速度/伪距率时间序列模型做参数拟合。基于真实信号得到的模型参数都是由惯导系统误差造成的,具有一致性;而基于逐步诱导式欺骗信号得到的模型参数还与欺骗策略的设定、载体飞行轨迹的观测以及干扰源的位置有关,具有不一致性。通过对比模型参数可判别欺骗信号的存在,对于真实信号,采用紧耦合组合导航修正INS输出;对于欺骗信号,继续惯性导航并采取相应措施。最后,根据逐步诱导式欺骗原理进行实验仿真,验证了算法的可行性和有效性。     

A high dynamics algorithm based on steepest ascent method for GNSS receiver

High dynamic conditions impose critical challenges on Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) receivers, leading to large tracking errors or even loss of tracking. Current methods that intend to improve receivers’ adaptability for high dynamics require either complicated structures or prior statistical information of noises. This paper proposes a high dynamics algorithm based on steepest ascent method that can circumvent the deficiencies of existing methods. First, the relationship between the error of carrier tracking and the maximum of Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) outputs is established, and a performance function based on the steepest ascent method is designed. It can keep stable in high dynamics. Second, a new carrier-tracking loop is constructed by deploying the performance function. When the variation of GPS receiver acceleration ranges from 10 g to 100 g, compared with the PLL that either loses lock or keeps tracking accuracy less than 33.89 Hz, the experimental results show that the proposed method can not only keep tracking, but also achieve tracking accuracy more than 2.77 Hz.     

LFM脉冲压缩雷达的一种灵巧噪声干扰方法

为有效干扰线性调频脉冲压缩雷达,提出了一种基于卷积调制的灵巧噪声干扰实现方法.该方法是将干扰机接收并存储的雷达发射信号与噪声信号相卷积后转发出去.理论分析和仿真实验均证明了它能有效干扰LFM脉冲压缩雷达,且性能明显优于射频噪声干扰.     

带射频电缆的可展开天线阵在轨展开动力学

空间存在射频电缆穿越可展开部件工作区域的情形,这会对部件的展开特性造成较大的影响(特别是无源可展开机构),甚至会影响整个航天器任务。文章以某卫星带有半刚性射频电缆的无源可展开天线阵为例,提出了其动力学建模仿真流程,并建立在轨展开动力学模型;采用该模型开展了在轨展开动力学特性的仿真研究,同时与在轨实测数据进行了比对。结果表明,仿真数据与在轨实测数据基本一致,准确地评估了射频电缆对可展开天线阵在轨展开特性的影响,仿真评估方法有效。该建模仿真流程同样适用于卫星其他类型可展开部件的展开特性研究。     

防空系统面临的国外机载射频干扰现状与发展

根据近期几场高技术局部战争的经验,立足典型防空导弹武器系统的作战过程以及外军现有的机载射频干扰装备及其发展方向,从影响防空导弹武器系统作战性能的实战条件要素角度,重点分析了防空导弹武器系统将面临的机载射频干扰现状及未来的威胁,对外军典型干扰装备及其战术使用、发展趋势分别展开论述。     

AltBOC非相干鉴相曲线赋形无模糊跟踪方法

针对全球导航卫星系统中使用的交替二进制偏移载波（Alternative Binary Offset Carrier,AltBOC）调制信号存在跟踪模糊的问题,提出了一种非相干鉴相曲线赋形无模糊跟踪方法。该方法使用两个线性组合码与接收信号的互相关组合来实现非相干鉴相曲线。讨论了具有良好抗多径性能的非对称无模糊目标曲线的设定原则。提出了一种基于线性方程组最小二乘解的鉴相曲线赋形方法。给出了针对AltBOC(15,10)导频信道的权值计算结果并设计了易于硬件实现的跟踪环路。仿真结果表明,该方法能够使鉴相曲线在最小二乘意义下接近于目标曲线。设计出的跟踪环路相对于传统的AltBOC无模糊跟踪环路,具有更好的抗噪声和抗多径性能。     

针对卫星导航接收机的欺骗干扰研究

针对卫星导航接收机的欺骗干扰是一种能以较低功率实现有效干扰的相关干扰技术。目前公开的文献均只定性地说明可以通过较高的欺骗信号功率牵引目标接收机跟踪环路,但并未进行精确的定量分析。为解决欺骗干扰在实际应用中的功率控制问题,本文通过建立接收机跟踪模型,理论分析了欺骗信号对接收机实现成功牵引所需满足的信号功率条件。最后通过软件接收机仿真和实际导航接收机实验,验证了理论分析的正确性。     

射频识别技术在地下管网中的应用

简要介绍了RFID的基本原理和特点,详细说明了射频系统构建的关键技术、系统软件的结构、功能和整体架构,重点介绍了基于射频技术在识别地下管网的实际应用中的实现方法和设计流程及主要技术特点。