民用飞机通信系统射频同轴电缆选型探讨

射频同轴电缆是民用飞机通信系统重要组成部分之一,射频同轴电缆的型号影响到通信系统中甚高频(VHF)系统、高频(HF)系统、卫星通信(SATCOM)系统、自动固定式应急定位发射系统的作用距离。从射频同轴电缆的主要技术指标入手,对民用飞机通信系统射频同轴电缆选型进行探讨。     

基于GNSS速度信息辅助的飞行器姿态保持技术研究

为了提高飞行器精确打击和侦察探测能力,针对飞行器组合导航系统高精度、长航时和高可靠的姿态保持问题,研究了一种基于GNSS速度信息辅助的飞行器姿态保持技术。通过采用开环修正和闭环修正结合的工作方式,克服了惯性导航误差随时间不断积累引起的滤波精度下降问题;通过对GNSS信息进行χ~2检测,避免飞行器作大机动飞行或有外部干扰时引起的GNSS信息异常,确保GNSS信息的有效性;通过对GNSS速度信息的时间延迟进行扩展建模,抑制GNSS数据延迟对姿态保持算法的影响。仿真和实际数据处理结果表明:该姿态保持技术充分利用惯性导航系统和GNSS的优点,技术方案合理,能够满足飞行器高精度、长航时和高可靠姿态保持的需求,具有较好的工程应用价值。     

月地及月地以远测控通信与若干关键技术发展趋势

通过研究国内外主要测控通信技术现状与发展动态,梳理出了目前我国在月地及月地以远距离测控通信技术遇到的挑战:面临测量精度尚不能满足科学探测更高的要求,数据传输能力难以满足更高的数据传输速率需求,关键器件自主可控较为薄弱,激光通信高精度快速捕获手段单一,以及星载终端设计与关键技术在轨验证较少等。针对这些问题,提出了对天线组阵、激光测控通信技术、Ka波段及毫米波低温接收机、超导纳米线单光子探测器、深空光学跟瞄系统、窄线宽激光光源的产生技术、光通信调制技术和高功率低噪声放大器的迫切需求,并介绍了国外最新的用于深空测控通信的新概念与前沿技术,即一体化微波/光学混合通信系统与微波光子射频信号稳相传输技术。最后,结合我国现状,讨论了我国测控通信重点发展方向及其关键技术的建议,可供构建月地及月地以远测控通信系统参考。     

两种多天线GNSS动态定姿方法的比较

针对移动载体对姿态的需求,对两种多天线GNSS动态定姿方法,即直接法和最小二乘迭代法进行了研究.分析了定姿的原理,给出了姿态解算模型.基于车载四天线GNSS的实测数据,分别用两种方法进行了姿态解算,并用同一运动平台高精度惯导给出的姿态作为参考值,对两种定姿方法的精度和可靠性进行了分析和比较.     

不同GNSS星载原子钟周期特性分析

高精度的卫星时钟修正是全球卫星导航系统实时精密单点定位和授时服务的重要基础。为了提高GNSS钟差预报精度,需要对GNSS星载原子钟的周期特性进行分析。基于2016年全年的GNSS精密卫星钟差数据,利用中位数方法进行了数据预处理,使用多项式拟合模型分析了卫星钟的拟合残差,利用频谱分析法分析了BDS、GPS卫星钟差的周期特性,全面分析了BDS、GPS星载原子钟的周期特性。分析结果表明：除Cs钟外,其他卫星钟差都表现出较好的周期特性,BDS、GPS的主周期项基本在12h、24h、6h附近;同时不同的轨道、原子钟,其钟差周期项不同,而相同的轨道类型,其钟差周期项也存在一定差异;卫星的钟差主周期分别近似为其卫星轨道周期的1/2倍、1倍、2倍。     

北斗导航接收机的硬件设计与实现

北斗卫星导航系统的逐步完善加快了北斗导航接收机产业的发展。在研究北斗导航系统原理的基础上,提出了一种基于北斗卫星导航系统的导航接收机的硬件设计方案。该方案以北斗卫星导航性能需求为基础,以射频模块、FPGA和DSP为核心器件,集成各部分完成了接收机系统的硬件设计。在硬件设计基础上,设计了DSP的驱动程序。最后与接收机软件配合进行测试,测试结果表明该设计能够正确捕获跟踪北斗卫星信号,为用户提供准确的位置和速度等参数输出,可实现实时高精度定位。     

First spaceborne demonstration of BeiDou-3 signals for GNSS reflectometry from CYGNSS constellation

The full constellation of Chinese Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) BeiDou-3 has been deployed completely and started fully operational service. In addition to providing global Positioning, Navigation and Timing (PNT) services, the BeiDou-3 satellites transmissions can also be used as the sources of illumination for Earth Observation (EO) with a bistatic radar configuration. This innovative EO concept, known as GNSS reflectometry (GNSS-R), allows to measure the Earth surface characteristics at high resolution via the reflected L-band radar signals collected by a constellation of small, low cost and low Earth orbiting satellites. For the first time in orbit, earth reflected BeiDou-3 signal has been detected from the limited sets of raw data collected by the NASA’s Cyclone GNSS (CYGNSS) constellation. The feasibility of spaceborne BeiDou-3 reflections on two typical applications, including sea surface wind and flooding inundation detection, has been demonstrated. The methodology and results give new strength to the prospect of new spaceborne GNSS-R instruments and missions, which can make multi-GNSS reflectometry observations available to better capture rapidly changing weather systems at better spatio-temporal scales.     

射频离子推力器研究进展

射频离子推力器由于高比冲、长寿命、高效率等优点在电推进领域中占有重要地位.为了进一步缩减推进系统的质量和体积，降低成本，一些新型射频离子推力器相继出现，其中无中和器射频离子推力器备受关注.对传统射频离子推力器的国内外研究及发展现状进行了总结，分析了射频离子推进技术中涉及的关键技术，概述了无中和器射频离子推力器的原理及研究进展，给出了射频离子推力器的发展方向和建议.     

Exploration and analysis of the factors influencing GNSS PWV for nowcasting applications

Precipitable water vapor (PWV) can be assimilated into a numerical weather model (NWM) to improve the prediction accuracy of numerical weather prediction. In this study, taking GNSS data for the Beijing Fangshan station (BJFS) as an example, based on the method of Pearson correlation coefficient combined with quantitative analysis, GNSS datasets are used to study the relationships between GNSS-derived PWV (GNSS PWV__Met) and its influencing factors, including the internal influencing factors zenith troposphere delay (ZTD), zenith hydrostatic delay (ZHD), zenith wet delay (ZWD), and surface temperature (T_s), and the external influencing factor haze (mainly PM_2.5). Firstly, based on the strong correlation between PWV__Met and ZTD hourly sequences from the International GNSS Service Network’s BJFS station for DOYS 182–212, 2015, the results of experiment prove that the reliability of GNSS ZTD is used to forecast PWV_Met in short-term forecasting. Secondly, based on hourly data of BJFS in 2016, the correlation between PWV__Met and ZTD, ZWD, ZHD, pressure (P) and T_s is analyzed, and then, with the rate of ZTD variation as the main factor, ZTD variation as auxiliary factor, the prediction success rate is 88.24% from hourly data of precipitation event for DOYs 183–213 in Beijing. The experiment indicates that ZTD can help forecast short-term precipitation. Thirdly, based on data from three hazy periods with relatively stable weather conditions, no heavy rainfall, and relatively continuous data in the past three years, the correlation between GNSS PWV_Met/ZTD and PM_2.5 hourly series is analyzed. The results of the experiments suggests that GNSS ZTD should be considered to assist in haze monitoring. So in the absence of radiosonde stations and meteorological elements, ZTDs on retrieval of GNSS stations have more application value in short-term forecast.     

NeQuick G model based scale factor determination for using SBAS ionosphere corrections at low earth orbit

A space-based augmentation system (SBAS) provides real-time correction data for global navigation satellite system (GNSS) users near ground. In order to use the SBAS ionosphere correction for low Earth orbit (LEO) satellites, the correction should be scaled down for the LEO altitude. This scale factor varies with ionosphere distribution and it is hard to determine the value at LEO in real time. We propose a real-time scale factor determination method by using Galileo GNSS’s NeQuick G model. A LEO satellite GPS data and SBAS data received on ground were used to evaluate the performance of the NeQuick G derived variable scale factor. The NeQuick G derived scale factor shows a significant accuracy improvement over NeQuick G model or pre-determined constant scale factor. It improves a vertical positioning accuracy of the LEO satellite. The error mean reductions of the vertical positioning over NeQuick G and the constant scale factor are 31.5% and 11.7%, respectively.