离子束辅助沉积WS_2-Ti-Ag复合薄膜的摩擦性能

采用ZDH-100型号离子束复合沉积设备沉积WS_2-Ti-Ag复合薄膜,基材为轴承钢和单晶硅(100).采用场发射扫描电子显微镜、XRD衍射仪,检测复合薄膜的表面形貌、微观结构.采用球-盘式摩擦磨损试验机,对复合薄膜在大气环境中的摩擦性能进行了研究.结果表明:采用离子束辅助沉积技术制备的WS_2-Ti-Ag复合薄膜是非晶态薄膜;并且随法向载荷的增加,复合薄膜的摩擦因数减小,摩擦状态越稳定,耐磨寿命越短.     

地面模拟微重力条件下Cu-Pb合金的制备及微观结构与摩擦性能研究

利用地面上建立的微重力电磁模拟设备成功制备出了Cu-Pb二元难混合金,并对其微观组织结构与摩擦性能进行了分析与测试。样品SEM分析结果表明,模拟微重力状态下制备的合金样品较好地克服了地面上因重力影响而产生的严重成分偏析,少数弥散相较均匀地分布于基体中,少数相含量越低,弥散体尺寸越小,分布越均匀;摩擦性能测试结果显示合金模拟样品的摩擦性能明显好于基体金属,且摩擦系数随少数相Pb的含量的增大而减小,体积磨损率随少数相含量的增大先快速减小而后又缓慢增大。同时对实验结果进行了简单的分析与讨论。      

Detumbling strategy based on friction control of dual-arm space robot for capturing tumbling target

The rotational motion of a tumbling target brings great challenges to space robot on successfully capturing the tumbling target. Therefore, it is necessary to reduce the target’s rotation to a rate at which capture can be accomplished by the space robot. In this paper, a detumbling strategy based on friction control of dual-arm space robot for capturing tumbling target is proposed. This strategy can reduce the target’s rotational velocity while maintaining base attitude stability through the establishment of the rotation attenuation controller and base attitude adjustment controller. The rotation attenuation controller adopts the multi-space hybrid impedance control method to control the friction precisely. The base attitude adjustment controller applies the dual-arm extended Jacobian matrix to stabilize the base attitude. The main contributions of this paper are as follows: (1) The compliant control method is adopted to achieve a precise friction control, which can reduce the target angular velocity steadily; (2) The dual-arm extended Jacobian matrix is applied to stabilize the base attitude without affecting the target capture task; (3) The detumbling strategy of dual-arm space robot is designed considering base attitude stabilization, realizing coordinated planning of the base attitude and the arms. The strategy is verified by a dual-arm space robot with two 7-DOF (degrees of freedom) arms. Simulation results show that, target with a rotation velocity of 20 (°)/s can be effectively controlled to stop within 30 s, and the final deflection of the base attitude is less than 0.15° without affecting the target capture task, verifying the correctness and effectiveness of the strategy. Except to the tumbling target capture task, the control strategy can also be applied to other typical on-orbit operation tasks such as space debris removal and spacecraft maintenance.     

带桨间磁流变阻尼器的直升机"地面共振"开-关控制研究

防止直升机出现“地面共振”是直升机研制过程中必须解决的动力学问题。磁流变阻尼器作为可控阻尼器具有结构紧凑、功耗小及输出力大等优点。本文建立了带有桨间磁流变阻尼器的直升机“地面共振”空间模型运动方程,采用开—关(on—off)控制方法来抑制“地面共振”,并进行了仿真计算和控制结果分析。结果表明,采用桨间磁流变阻尼器抑制“地面共振”比粘弹性阻尼器有更好的可控性。     

网络陶瓷增强铝基复合材料的摩擦磨损特性

提出了三维陶瓷网络（骨架）增强金属基复合材料的新构思，设计和制备了一种新型的三维陶瓷网络（骨架）增强铝合金复合材料，研究了其在干摩擦状态下的滑动摩擦磨损行为。结果表明，基体铝合金在重载时产生严重粘着磨损，磨损层发生软化和塑性流动，而复合材料中的陶瓷颗粒暴露于磨损表面并起承载作用，从而保护基体不发生严重磨损，复合材料对磨环的磨损量大于基体合金对磨环的磨损量，但复合材料摩擦副的总摩损量比基体合金摩擦副的小。     

含摩擦和加热的跨声速流动数值模拟研究

喷管中跨声速流动的反应流体动力学是实验和理论研究的一个重要领域.本文主要由两部分构成,在第一部分中对文献[2]中的Murman格式[1]的一般形式进行了简化,得到了守恒形式的欧拉方程,并对其求解方法进行了讨论,同时针对Chattot等的工作展开了分析,并给出了带激波的流动计算结果;而文章的第二部分则研究了包含摩擦、加热以及耗散的跨声速流动,并重点关注了一步Arrhenius化学反应模型下的爆震现象.本文还探究了摩擦力和带燃烧的跨声速流动之间的相互作用,同时详细给出了新的欧拉方程数值求解算法并同已有文献算例进行了对比验证.     

磁悬浮控制力矩陀螺框架伺服系统扰动力矩分析与抑制

对磁悬浮控制力矩陀螺框架伺服系统，提出了一种基于自适应逆扰动消除控制的设计方法。该控制器采用将被控对象动态控制和对象扰动控制分离处理的方法研究了控制力矩陀螺框架伺服系统的非线性摩擦干扰力矩、陀螺房内部高速磁悬浮转子系统因框架变速转动对框架伺服系统产生的耦合力矩以及航天器姿态改变导致框架伺服系统本身的参数大范围变化等问题。设计的自适应逆扰动消除器大大改善了框架伺服系统的控制性能、提高了系统的速率输出精度。仿真结果表明，提出的扰动力矩抑制方法是可行的，具有很强的鲁棒性。     

碳／碳复合材料的摩擦磨损行为

本文研究了用ＣＶＤ法制备的碳／碳复合材料的摩擦磨损行为，对刹车力矩曲线及其影响因素进行了分析，提出了这种材料的磨损机制。试验结果表明，刹车力矩曲线中的前峰随着材料的制备工艺和外界条件变化；碳／碳复合材料具有良好的自润滑性，其磨损是机械磨损和氧化综合作用的结果，氧化是磨损的根本原因     

Friction Stir Welding of Metal Matrix Composites for use in aerospace structures

Friction Stir Welding (FSW) is a relatively nascent solid state joining technique developed at The Welding Institute (TWI) in 1991. The process was first used at NASA to weld the super lightweight external tank for the Space Shuttle. Today FSW is used to join structural components of the Delta IV, Atlas V, and Falcon IX rockets as well as the Orion Crew Exploration Vehicle. A current focus of FSW research is to extend the process to new materials which are difficult to weld using conventional fusion techniques. Metal Matrix Composites (MMCs) consist of a metal alloy reinforced with ceramics and have a very high strength to weight ratio, a property which makes them attractive for use in aerospace and defense applications. MMCs have found use in the space shuttle orbiter's structural tubing, the Hubble Space Telescope's antenna mast, control surfaces and propulsion systems for aircraft, and tank armors. The size of MMC components is severely limited by difficulties encountered in joining these materials using fusion welding. Melting of the material results in formation of an undesirable phase (formed when molten Aluminum reacts with the reinforcement) which leaves a strength depleted region along the joint line. Since FSW occurs below the melting point of the workpiece material, this deleterious phase is absent in FSW-ed MMC joints. FSW of MMCs is, however, plagued by rapid wear of the welding tool, a consequence of the large discrepancy in hardness between the steel tool and the reinforcement material. This work characterizes the effect of process parameters (spindle speed, traverse rate, and length of joint) on the wear process. Based on the results of these experiments, a phenomenological model of the wear process was constructed based on the rotating plug model for FSW. The effectiveness of harder tool materials (such as Tungsten Carbide, high speed steel, and tools with diamond coatings) to combat abrasive wear is explored. In-process force, torque, and vibration signals are analyzed to assess the feasibility of on-line monitoring of tool shape changes as a result of wear (an advancement which would eliminate the need for off-line evaluation of tool condition during joining). Monitoring, controlling, and reducing tool wear in FSW of MMCs is essential to the implementation of these materials in structures (such as launch vehicles) where they would be of maximum benefit.     

异种铝合金搅拌摩擦点焊工艺研究

研究了搅拌针长度对Al5754/Al6111搅拌摩擦点焊接头力学性能的影响。结果表明,在保持轴肩压入深度为500μm条件下,搅拌针长度从1.6 mm增加到2.0 mm的过程中,点焊接头的力学性能无明显变化;当搅拌针长度继续增加到2.2 mm时,点焊接头的力学性能迅速提高。通过分析提出高度锯齿状的HOOK形貌是点焊接头力学性能提高的主要原因。