高精度频率分辨在振动信号辨识中的应用

发动机振动信号处理通常采用DASP软件进行。由于软件功能限制,DASP处理采样频率为50 kHz发动机振动信号时,频谱的频率分辨率最高精度仅为12.2 Hz,导致对微弱及故障信号的辨识较为困难。本文采用抗混叠低通滤波、信号抽取及短时傅里叶变换相结合的信号分析方法,有效提高了频率分辨率的精度,最高精度达到1.2 Hz,达到了理想的频率辨识效果。     

单片宽带频谱分析芯片设计

文章介绍了单片宽带实时频谱分析芯片的设计原理和方法，并在FPGA上进行了原型验证。设计中采用了基于多相滤波器组的下变频方案，并对下变频后每一路数据进行重叠加窗处理。为了减小芯片面积，对后端的FFT分析模块进行了优化设计，提出了将两条蝶形运算级合并为一条流水线的新型FFT设计构架。该设计可以不间断地处理数据，从而实现信号的无缝捕获。     

A Raw Signal Simulator for Bistatic SAR

This article proposes a new efficient raw signal simulator for the bistatic synthetic aperture radar (SAR) based on 2D fast Fourier transform (FFT) to deal with cases of both ideal trajectory and trajectory deviation. It begins with analyzing the geometric configuration and the range history of the bistatic SAR in side-looking and squint modes of ideal trajectory as well as trajectory deviation. Then a detailed and mathematical study is conducted on the equivalence relation of bistatic-to-monostatic applications (BTMA) in the case of ideal trajectory and trajectory deviation. Also a set of formulas are derived for the equivalence relation between bistatic SAR and monostatic SAR on some reasonable assumptions. Therefore, the application of the simulation method based on the 2D FFT for the monostatic SAR can be extended to the case of bistatic SAR. Finally, the simulation results prove the validity of this method. By comparing the efficiency of the proposed method with that of the time domain method, it is shown that the former is a few orders of magnitude higher.     

基于分数阶模糊函数延时对消的海面运动弱目标检测

研究了分数阶模糊函数的时移特性,根据此特性提出了基于分数阶模糊函数延时对消的海面运动弱目标检测方法.通过对IPIX实测数据验证表明,该方法在增加目标与杂波FRFT峰值差、提高信杂比以及检测概率等方面都明显优于仅对回波作分数阶模糊函数.设置适当的恒虚警检测门限,该检测方法能够达到更好的检测效果.     

PCB电源地层腔模辐射快速算法

电路板电源总线的分析非常复杂,虽然传统腔模方法是分析电路板电源总线的一种非常有效的方法,但是该方法具有收敛速度慢,计算时间长和不能分析电源总线辐射发射的缺点.在该算法的基础上,改进二重级数和形式的电源总线辐射发射方法并提出了单一级数和形式的电源总线辐射发射表达式.在此基础上指出了单一级数腔模理论解的适用条件,并对该快速算法的收敛性进行了分析.分析表明,该方法减少了传统二重级数求和的计算工作量,提高了收敛效率并节省了计算时间,而且能够有效逼近双级数腔模辐射算法的计算结果.通过对电路板的辐射发射数值仿真验证了该算法的有效性和正确性.     

基于傅立叶变换和模糊逻辑的APC/PIO探测方法

为了对飞机-驾驶员耦合(APC)或驾驶员诱发振荡(PIO)现象实现在线探测,提出了适于实时计算的滑动窗口傅立叶变换递推算法、相关特征的模糊隶属函数以及基于模糊逻辑的识别模型。各种情况飞行试验数据的计算和分析表明,该方法对探测APC/PIO是有效、可行的。最后提出了进一步研究的若干建议。     

薄板声——超声检测信号的时频分析研究

本文以兰姆波的群速度-频厚积频散曲线为基础,采用基于短时傅立叶变换的时-频分析方法,对薄板中传播的声-超声信号进行了处理分析。对厚度为2 mm薄钢板的声-超声检测实验结果证实,在声-超声检测形式下激发的超声波的主要成分是多模式的兰姆波。与现有文献中介绍的基于时间域识别的薄板声-超声信号分析方法相比,时-频分析方法不仅可以很好地识别兰姆波模式,而且可对各模式波的能量成分进行分析。     

Analysis of precipitable water vapor from GPS measurements in Chengdu region: Distribution and evolution characteristics in autumn

The rainfall process of Chengdu region in autumn has obvious regional features. Especially, the night-time rain rate of this region in this season is very high in China. Studying the spatial distribution and temporal variation of regional atmospheric precipitable water vapor (PWV) is important for our understanding of water vapor related processes, such as rainfall, evaporation, convective activity, among others in this area. Since GPS detection technology has the unique characteristics, such as all-weather, high accuracy, high spatial and temporal resolution as well as low cost, tracking and monitoring techniques on water vapor has achieved rapid developments in recent years. With GPS–PWV data at 30-min interval gathered from six GPS observational stations in Chengdu region in two autumns (September 2007–December 2007 and September 2008–December 2008), it is revealed that negative correlations exist between seasonally averaged value of GPS–PWV as well as its variation amplitude and local terrain altitude. The variation of PWV in the upper atmosphere of this region results from the water vapor variation from surface to 850 hPa. With the help of Fast Fourier Transform (FFT), it is found that the autumn PWV in Chengdu region has a multi-scale feature, which includes a seasonal cycle, 22.5 days period (quasi-tri-weekly oscillation). The variation of the GPS–PWV is related to periodical change in the transmitting of the water vapor caused by zonal and meridional wind strengths’ change and to the East Asian monsoon system. According to seasonal variation characteristics, we concluded that the middle October is the critical turning point in PWV content. On a shorter time scale, the relationship between autumn PWV and ground meteorological elements was obtained using the composite analysis approach.     

周期对称性在叶盘结构瞬态响应求解中的应用

研究了利用结构周期对称性计算叶盘结构瞬态响应的方法.首先用ANSYS得到扩充扇区的刚度和质量矩阵,通过周期对称边界上节点的对应关系得到扩充扇区到基本扇区的转换矩阵.利用叶盘结构中各扇区所受载荷的特点,得到任意时刻载荷的空间分布,并对其进行Fourier展开,以得到周期对称模型的载荷.采用Newmark法进行时域积分,利...     

大气成分探测红外光谱仪系统指标分析

由温室气体引起的全球气候变化和环境污染已经受到全世界的广泛关注。进行大气成分探测，对于更好地了解温室效应产生的细节、大气分子的光化学性质对臭氧层的影响以及大气污染机制都具有重要意义。由于大气成分种类较多，其红外吸收光谱密集且复杂，因此大气成分探测仪器需要有较高的光谱分辨能力和信噪比。文章进行了大气成分探测的总体指标需求分析，并据此确定了大气成分探测红外光谱仪的主要技术指标。为了满足指标要求，该光谱仪采用傅里叶变换红外光谱仪的总体方案。通过仪器性能影响因素分析和系统优化，使得该仪器的最终设计结果满足指标要求。