Numerical analysis for impacts of nozzle end-clearances on aerodynamic performance and forced response in a VNT turbine

It has been well known that nozzle end-clearances in a Variable Nozzle Turbine (VNT) are unfavorable for aerodynamic performance, especially at small openings, and efforts to further decrease size of the clearances are very hard due to thermal expansion. In this paper, both the different sizes of nozzle end-clearances and the various ratios of their distribution at the hub and shroud sides were modelled and investigated by performing 3D Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) and Finite Element Analysis (FEA) simulations with a code of transferring the aerodynamic pressure from the CFD results to the FEA calculations. It was found that increasing the size of the nozzle end-clearances divided equally at the hub and shroud sides deteriorates turbine efficiency and turbine wheel reliability, yet increases turbine flow capacity. And, when the total nozzle end-clearances remain the same, varying nozzle end-clearances’ distribution at the hub and shroud sides not only shifts operation point of a VNT turbine, but also affects the turbine wheel vibration stress. Compared with nozzle hub clearance, the shroud clearance is more sensitive to both aerodynamic performance and reliability of a VNT turbine. Consequently, a possibility is put forward to improve VNT turbine efficiency meanwhile decrease vibration stress by optimizing nozzle end-clearances’ distribution.     

火星进入器作强迫震荡运动壁面脉动压力数值模拟

为研究超声速阶段进入器作强迫震荡运动对壁面脉动压力环境的影响规律，本文耦合进入器刚体运动方程与流体力学方程，采用动网格技术，对火星进入器模型开展非定常数值模拟，获取壁面不同位置处的脉动压力信息。研究表明：在超声速阶段，进入器作强迫震荡运动诱导的脉动压力远大于进入器保持相对静止时仅由非定常流动诱导的脉动压力。来流马赫数为1.2时，进入器作强迫震荡运动对脱体激波影响较小，脱体激波强度较弱且形态变化较小，攻角的震荡导致同一测点距离脱体激波的位置发生周期性改变，舱体迎风面及配平翼迎风面的脉动压力环境主要受攻角变化的影响；来流马赫数为3时，进入器作强迫震荡运动对脱体激波的影响较大，脱体激波震荡剧烈，诱导舱体迎风面及配平翼迎风面产生极其恶劣的脉动压力环境，功率谱分析表明激波震荡诱导的脉动压力能量主要集中在30 Hz左右。     

圆排波瓣圆柱混合管的气动特性实验研究

建立了实验装置，对圆排波瓣喷管与８只圆柱混合管相配合，进行了冷热态实验。得出了它们引射混合的引射流量比随主次流温度比、混合管截面比、次流进口截面比的变化关系曲线。另外，还对不同温度下修正流量比的温度指数进行了研究，得出圆排波瓣圆柱混合管引射混合器的修正流量比温度指数ｎ＝０．４。     

Experimental investigation on dynamic response of flat blades with underplatform dampers

One test rig with three blades and two Under-Platform Dampers (UPDs) is established to better understand the dynamical behavior of blades with UPDs. A pre-loaded spring is used to simulate the centrifugal load acting on the damper, thereby achieving continuous adjustment of the pressing load. UPDs with different forms, sizes and materials are carefully designed as experimental control groups. Noncontact measurement via a laser Doppler velocimeter is employed and contact excitation which is performed by an electromagnetic exciter is adopted to directly obtain the magnitude of the excitation load by a force sensor mounted on the excitation rod. Particular attention is paid to the influence of the contact status of the contact surfaces, e.g. the pressure-sensitive paper is used to measure the effective contact area of the UPDs. The experimental variables are selected as the centrifugal force, the amplitude of the excitation force, the damper mass, the effective contact area, and the damper material. The Frequency Response Function (FRF) of the blade under different experimental parameters is obtained by slow frequency sweep under sinusoidal excitation to study the influence of each parameter on the dynamic characteristics of the blade and the mechanism analysis is carried out combined with the experimental results.     

直升机排气系统用波瓣喷管引射-混合式红外抑制器研究

 在针对直升机排气系统用波瓣喷管引射-混合式红外抑制器开展的一系列数值计算和模型实验研究基础上，本文对其内流气动特性和红外辐射特性进行较为系统的综合总结。揭示并分析了这种形式的红外抑制器内部混合流动特征，引射混合和隔热遮挡的红外抑制作用效果，以及红外抑制器缩比模型红外辐射模化关系；同时也指出了需进一步研究的一些问题。     

圆排波瓣弯曲混合管引射实验与数值模拟

将圆排波瓣喷管配以不同的弯曲混合管组成引射混合器 ,实验研究了弯曲混合管的几何参数 ,试验结果表明 :当弯曲角β=40°时 ,弯曲混合管的引射流量比φ与同样直径的圆柱混合管相当 ;当β>40°时 ,弯曲混合管的引射流量比φ相比于同样直径的圆柱混合管有较大的下降 ,φ随β的增加下降很快 ;φ随混合管截面比λ的增加先增大后下降 ,虽然峰值小于圆柱混合管的最大引射流量比 ,但是峰值对应的值却近似等同于圆柱混合管的截面比 ;φ随次流进口截面比 σ的增加而接近线性增大。进行了 1 /2的 1 2波瓣喷管弯曲混合管引射混合器的 3 D不可压流流场的数值模拟 ,模拟结果表明 :当 β>40°时 ,弯曲混合管引射流量比 φ下降的主要原因是弯曲混合管转弯部分由于主流射流冲击 ,静压力较高 ,从而弯曲部分附近的有效流通截面积减小 ,严重影响了次流的出流。另外 ,计算的壁面静压系数与测量值符合良好      

波瓣引射-混合器特性参数影响的数值研究和验证

运用不可压缩流动Navier—Stokes方程,对波瓣喷管引射-混合器的流场和引射特性进行了三维数值研究。在计算过程中,主流进口采用质量流量边界条件,二次流进口和混合流出口采用压力边界条件,均设置为环境大气压力。与相关的实验结果对比表明本文的计算方法可以有效地预测引射流量比和混合流场。针对混合管的结构参数开展了系列研究,获得了混合管截面比和长径比对于引射系数和热混合效率的影响趋势。     

立式捏合机桨叶结构参数对混合釜流场影响的仿真分析

为揭示立式捏合机桨叶几何结构参数与混合釜流场之间的关系,以1 L两桨立式捏合机为研究对象,采用计算流体力学ANSYS Fluent 14.5软件对立式捏合机进行了三维模型仿真研究,分析了桨叶结构参数(桨桨间隙、桨叶螺旋角)的改变对混合物料挤压应力和剪切应力的影响。结果表明,增大桨桨间隙可减小桨叶对混合物料的挤压应力和剪切应力,空心桨螺旋角分别为40°、45°、50°,桨桨间隙由1.0 mm增加到3.0 mm,挤压应力、剪切应力分别平均减小了82.4%、57.23%;增大桨叶螺旋角可增大桨叶对混合物料的挤压应力和剪切应力,空心桨间隙分别为1.0、2.0 mm,桨叶螺旋角由35°增加到55°,挤压应力、剪切应力分别平均增加了92.8%、55.7%。     

一种波瓣混合器超级燃烧室的掺混特性

为了使涡轮基组合循环发动机超级燃烧室的涡扇涵道和冲压涵道两股气流具有高效低阻的掺混特性,设计了一种结构简单的方形波瓣混合器.用数值模拟方法对该方形波瓣混合器与常规混合器进行了比较分析,结果表明方形波瓣混合器具有与菊花型波瓣混合器相似的流向涡高效低阻掺混特性.进行混合器结构参数变化对掺混特性的影响研究发现扩张角对方形波瓣混合器的热混合效率的影响起主要作用,而出口高度的影响不大;当方形波瓣混合器的波长比为1.0时,方形波瓣混合器具有高效低阻的掺混特性.     

基于试验的高空台混合器至流量管传热模型研究

基于高空台升温试验原理和已有试验数据,对影响升温过程的因素进行了分析,得出混合器出口温度值的高低是影响升温速率的主要因素。同时,采用基于试验数据的建模方法,将经验值转化为数学模型,实现了高空台升温过程的数值模拟。