多尺度湍流模型在圆柱绕流中的应用

使用基于可变时间间隔平均方法的多尺度湍流模型,对高超临界区雷诺数下非定常圆柱绕流进行了数值模拟.结果表明:多尺度湍流模型在升阻力系数预测上与实验值一致,而标准k-ε模型和SST(shear stress transport)k-ω模型却只能兼顾其一;在旋涡脱落特性预测上与实验值相一致,其误差小于SST k-ω模型的5.8%和标准k-ε模型的37.6%;在表面平均压力系数分布预测上其误差仅为3.6%,明显优于SSTk-ω模型的13%和标准k-ε模型的53.7%;在表面摩擦因数分布及分离角度方面与实验结果相吻合,且分离角度误差仅为0.78%,结果优于标准k-ε模型的1.04%和SSTk-ω模型的1.83%,充分验证了该湍流模型应用于复杂湍流模拟预报的潜力.     

一种基于单目视觉的自主机器人导航控制方法

首先对单目视觉获得的原始图像进行图像校正处理,利用边界判据函数分割获得可行区域,得到障碍物位置信息,然后在可行区域中根据障碍物位置分段给出机器人导航控制边界,最后采用拟合曲线模型得到前进路径曲线。试验表明,该算法有效稳定,可实时获取可行区域并实现移动机器人自主避障功能。     

中部崛起的路径选择

顺应世界多极化、经济全球化、区域经济一体化的大趋势,认清社会主义市场经济的特点和内在规律,中部崛起应走以人为本的可持续发展道路,走信息化带动工业化和工业化推动城市化的跨越式发展新路子,在世界性文化开放与汇流中兼收并蓄,努力培养全面发展的新人.     

论"中部崛起"的七大关系

从地理学的空间视角对新时期中部崛起的重大理论进行初步探讨，在研究中部地区经济与社会发展情况的基础上，重点探讨了中部六省发展过程中应当注意的七大关系：内生性发展与外生性发展、工业化与城市化、比较优势与竞争优势、乡村城市化与异地城市化、城市用地扩张与农村耕地保护、行政区经济与经济区经济、经济增长与建设和谐社会，最后提出了中部地区应注重“内力”培养，因地制宜地推动城市化进程，大力发展经济区经济，以及对社会问题保持高度敏感等政策建议。     

Coupling plasma plume of a low-power magnetically shielded Hall thruster with a hollow cathode

The coupling region of a Hall thruster with a hollow cathode is the region between the cathode and the thruster plume. The characteristics of plasma in that region are complicated and strongly associated with the thruster working conditions and the cathode position. In this paper, a laboratory 100 W class magnetically shielded Hall thruster was coupled with a hollow cathode. Optical imaging and electrostatic probe were employed to monitor and scan the plasma plume. Plume characteristics in the coupling region in non-self-sustained mode and self-sustained mode were compared. Evolution of the coupling plume with the cathode position was studied. Experiments show that, when turning the thruster into self-sustained mode or moving the cathode further away axially, the discharge current can be reduced by 6.4–10.6% restraining the electron current and improving ionization. In particular, when the cathode is moved further, the electron conduction near the channel walls is suppressed. The electron current is reduced by 27.4% and the ion beam current is increased by 7%. Overall, this work shows that the working mode of the thruster and the position of the cathode greatly affect the coupling plasma plume. Both play an important role in improving the utilizations of propellant and current.     

双级旋流器偏心对出口流场影响

采用试验研究方法,以同一旋流器搭配不同尺寸出口限制域为对象,研究了双级旋流器偏心后,出口流场的变化规律。研究表明:当限制域边界尺寸(L)与旋流器特征尺寸(D)比值小于某个特定值时(L/D=33),旋流器出口射流与壁面存在附着点,出口流场由收缩型变为扩张型;对收缩型流场,旋流器偏心对出口流场影响较大,尤其是径向速度场分布,由无偏心时的负值(小于-4 m/s)增大至正值(大于1 m/s);对扩张型出口流场,旋流器偏心几乎不影响出口轴向、径向速度的分布及大小,如中心线的轴线速度最小值均在-44 m/s附近,径向速度最小值均-1 m/s;进行旋流器设计时,通过减小出口限制域与旋流器特征尺寸比值的方式,使出口流场呈扩张型,可有效抑制旋流器偏心对出口流场的影响。     

月壤含水特性原位快速预判传感器设计与验证

基于月壤和水冰对不同谱段近红外激光存在吸收/反射差异性的特点,提出了采用多模近红外激光光强差异反演月壤含水特性的水冰原位快速预判方法。通过发射/接收光路同轴设计及多模激光光路分时复用设计,实现了多模激光光学系统轻小型化设计,研制出基于多模近红外激光的月壤水冰原位快速预判传感器工程样机,并开展了针对低含水率极区模拟月壤的含水特性原位预判试验。试验结果表明：该传感器水冰检测限可达0.39%,单次预判时间可优于1 s,光斑直径@检测距离为5 cm@500 mm,传感器具备对地面模拟月壤含水特性进行原位快速预判的能力。     

Weibull分布定时截尾寿命试验参数的近似联合置信域

研究了Weibull分布大样本定时截尾寿命试验，利用一种新的途径给出了试验参数的近似联合置信域。设产品寿命X服从Weibull分布，对n个受试样本x1,x2，…，xn进行定时（时间为t0）截尾试验，得到观察数据Si=min(x1,x0)，i=1,2,…，n。利用似然方程，分别得到参数λ，b的极大似然估计λ和b。进一步考察联合分布（λ，b）可以用二元正态分布来近似。再利用多元正态分布与X^2分布的关系，可以推导出未知参数u=（λ，b）的置信度为1－a的联合置信区域（x-u)′I0（x-y)≤xa^2。     

基于ODE参数辨识的液压伺服系统灰箱建模

 针对液压伺服系统常规"白箱"建模由于参数无法精确获得导致所得模型精度不高及"黑箱"建模所得模型内部结构未知的问题,本文提出基于ODE参数辨识的液压伺服系统"灰箱"建模。首先,建立了工程上实用的系统状态空间模型, 根据系统特征确定了待辨识参数,将模型辨识问题转化为常微分方程(ODE)参数辨识问题;然后,采用正弦扫频信号作为激励信号和基于带边界约束的信赖域优化算法的初值问题方法进行参数辨识;为了和ODE参数辨识结果进行对比,本文同时采用系统的频率响应数据和最小二乘法辨识得到系统的"黑箱"传递函数模型;最后,通过大量实验验证了辨识模型的精确度。实验结果表明,本文提出的基于信赖域算法的液压伺服系统模型辨识方法可以有效处理参数的边界问题,使辨识模型既具有实际的物理意义,又与实际系统高度符合。     

Novel approach of crater detection by crater candidate region selection and matrix-pattern-oriented least squares support vector machine

Impacted craters are commonly found on the surface of planets, satellites, asteroids and other solar system bodies. In order to speed up the rate of constructing the database of craters, it is important to develop crater detection algorithms. This paper presents a novel approach to automatically detect craters on planetary surfaces. The approach contains two parts: crater candidate region selection and crater detection. In the first part, crater candidate region selection is achieved by Kanade-Lucas-Tomasi (KLT) detector. Matrix-pattern-oriented least squares support vector machine (MatLSSVM), as the matrixization version of least square support vector machine (SVM), inherits the advantages of least squares support vector machine (LSSVM), reduces storage space greatly and reserves spatial redundancies within each image matrix compared with general LSSVM. The second part of the approach employs MatLSSVM to design classifier for crater detection. Experimental results on the dataset which comprises 160 preprocessed image patches from Google Mars demonstrate that the accuracy rate of crater detection can be up to 88%. In addition, the outstanding feature of the approach introduced in this paper is that it takes resized crater candidate region as input pattern directly to finish crater detection. The results of the last experiment demonstrate that MatLSSVM-based classifier can detect crater regions effectively on the basis of KLT-based crater candidate region selection.