先进航空发动机树脂基复合材料技术现状与发展趋势

介绍了先进树脂基复合材料在国内外航空发动机上的应用需求与发展现状,讨论了国内航空发动机树脂基复合材料研制遇到的问题.最后分析了航空发动机树脂基复合材料在原材料、低成本技术、设计工具与体系、适航要求等方面亟待解决的问题.     

Influence of SPS casing treatment on axial flow compressor subjected to radial pressure distortion

The present work is about the stall margin enhancement ability of a kind of stall precursor-suppressed (SPS) casing treatment when fan/compressor suffers from a radial total pres-sure inlet distortion. Experimental researches are conducted on a low-speed compressor with and without SPS casing treatment under radial distorted inlet flow of different levels as well as uniform inlet flow. The distorted flow fields of different levels are generated by annular distortion flow gen-erators of different heights. The characteristic curves under these conditions are measured and ana-lyzed. The results show that the radial inlet distortion could cause a stall margin loss from 2% to 30% under different distorted levels. The SPS casing treatment could remedy this stall margin loss under small distortion level and only partly make up the stall margin loss caused by distortion in large level without leading to perceptible additional efficiency loss and obvious change of charac-teristic curves. The pre-stall behavior of the compressor is investigated to reveal the mechanism of this stall margin improvement ability of the SPS casing treatment. The results do show that this casing treatment delays the occurrence of rotating stall by weakening the pressure perturbations and suppressing the nonlinear amplification of the stall precursor waves in the compression system.     

弯叶片对畸变条件下风扇性能影响研究

以跨声速风扇为研究对象,采用全周三维非定常数值模拟方法研究静叶根部20°正弯对总压畸变条件下风扇性能和流场结构的影响.通过对设计转速下风扇全工况进行求解,对比分析了静叶采用直叶片和弯叶片时设计点和近失速点的风扇性能和流场结构.通过与均匀进口条件的风扇性能对比,探讨弯叶片对风扇效率、稳定边界以及抗畸变能力的影响,重点研究弯叶片对动静叶流动损失的影响以及对级性能的影响和改善机理.研究表明,均匀进口时,根部20°正弯静叶可以改善风扇在近失速点附近的性能,而在设计点附近,弯叶片的作用不明显;进口总压畸变条件下,静叶根弯20°能有效改善风扇性能,提高稳定性;静叶根弯对流场的影响取决于具体的流场结构,流动状态越恶劣,弯叶片的作用越明显.     

旋转中心随旋转角度变化的扇束重构算法

首先推导了旋转中心到扇束中心射线移动距离为旋转角度的函数时的精确滤波及投影重构算法 ;然后推导了这个函数为线性函数时的重构算法 ;最后用计算机模拟法证明了两个算法的正确性     

冷却系统阻力对汽车总阻力影响的数值预测模型研究

采用CFD方法数值模拟了小型汽车发动机冷却系统对全车阻力的影响特性.汽车的内部及外部(发动机舱及舱内)均设置了数值模拟网格.分别计算了散热器及风扇对阻力的影响,采用本校实验结果(散热器压力损失)及制造商提供的数据(散热器及风扇的质量流率)确定初始及边界条件,为基于RNS的CFD提供输入.对汽车轮胎运动模式及行驶速度对散热系统阻力及汽车总阻的影响特性也进行了计算分析.预测结果表明,冷却系统阻力占汽车总阻的6.9％,与实测值吻合.     

试配平法在发动机风扇转子配平中的应用

一些早期飞机没有装载配平软件，发动机现场配平困难，通过采取在发动机现场用试配平法的基本原理、操作步骤，配重大小和方向的计算方法，及在发动机风扇转子配平中的具体应用，证明了试配平法在发动机风扇转子配平中的应用是可行的、有效的，保证了发动机的正常使用和飞机的飞行安全。     

叶片弯掠对多级风扇气动性能的影响

利用数值模拟的方法,研究了多级环境中叶片弯掠对风扇整体气动性能的影响。研究过程将弯、掠叶片分别应用于某三级风扇的第二、三级静叶,以对比性能变化并研究其内在的流场作用机制。结果表明,多级环境中弯掠叶片排可通过改变沿径向密流分布对其它叶排施加影响;弯和掠都能借助低能流体迁移控制端壁流动,但掠叶片同时具有对主流的迁移作用,这就使得掠叶片对沿径向密流分布的影响要大于弯叶片;随转速下降,弯叶片的流体迁移作用被增强,掠则相反。此外发现,在多级环境中单独使用时可获得性能改善的弯掠叶片,组合应用后并未获得双重的性能收益。     

高负荷低速轴流风扇数值优化设计与实验研究

应用基于自适应遗传算法和复合形法发展的混合遗传算法数值设计平台ADOP,对某高负荷低速轴流风扇TA36A实施气动数值优化。该风扇设计转速2.9kr/min,三维数值结果近设计点流量7.482kg/s,绝热效率为84.54%,失速裕度为16.38%;优化设计后风扇TA36B数值模拟结果失速裕度提高了1.6个百分点,气动效率为85.31%,比原型略有提高。气动性能试验风扇TA36B失速裕度达18.84%,具有较宽的稳定工作范围。     

铺层复合材料风扇叶片榫头元件级静强度试验方法

复合材料风扇叶片需要经过积木式多层级验证才能投入使用,元件级试验是其中重要一环.针对铺层复合材料风扇叶片榫头强度问题,研究了榫头元件级静强度试验方法.搭建了榫头元件级静强度试验平台,完成了榫头元件级试样件及其夹具的设计及制造,提出了数据采集、试验流程和试验结果数据分析方法.试验结果表明:榫头元件试样件的失效模式为层间分...     

Study of geometric parameters for the design of short intakes with fan modelling

The flow over a short intake is characterised by a strong interaction with the fan, that can only be captured when the rotor blades are modelled in the numerical simulations. In this paper, we use a coupled methodology to derive indications about relevant geometric variables affecting the high-incidence operation of an ultra-high bypass ratio turbofan intake with a length-to-diameter ratio of 0.35. By reproducing the effect of the fan through a body force model, we carry out a parametric study of the influence of the contraction ratio and the scarf angle at take-off conditions for a grid of 28 different three-dimensional shapes. The analysis of the selected performance metrics distributions at three angles of attack of 16°, 24°, and 28° reveals that a contraction ratio higher than 1.20 is needed to avoid separation at high incidence. While for an attached inlet the best performance is found with a moderate scarf angle, in presence of a developed separation the distortion level reduces as the scarf decreases up to negative values. We discuss the correspondence between the distortion indexes and the flow field, highlighting the origin of the detachment for the different geometries, according to the operating condition, and analysing the fan operation in the most distorted case. Finally, we assess the influence of modelling the rotor in the simulations, showing that its suppression effect on the separation at a given incidence depends on the intake geometric features.