误差分离法测圆柱度误差的不确定度估计

阐述五测头误差分离法在普通机床上实现圆柱度误差在位测量的原理和方法，并对测量不确定度进行了全面的分析和估计，明确了测量精度范围。此不确定度分析有助于机床误差的修正和补偿，对其它形状误差的精密测量和误差分离技术的实际应用具有普遍意义。     

误差与不确定度刍议

测量不确定度是现代误差理论的核心和最新发展。不确定度与误差有千丝万缕的联系,不确定度的标准偏差、合成、传播和扩展均是误差分析方法的推广并依赖于误差理论。但是,不确定度表征的是测量结果的分散性,误差是测量结果与被测量的真值之差。前者恒为正,后者可正可负。由于真值不可知,测量误差不可能准确知道,而测量不确定度则可定量评定。因此,两者不是一回事,切不可将误差等同于不确定度。     

卫星运动对星间双向法时间同步的影响分析与校正

编队飞行卫星间的距离和时间差测量是实现分布式航天器完成特定任务的重要基础。文章分析了采用双向法实现星间距离和时间差测量处理时,卫星运动对星间双向比对测量的影响,推导出在考虑卫星运动情况下,星间双向比对测量数据的处理算法,给出了忽略卫星运行参数情况下,对距离和时间差计算结果的影响情况对比。     

The simulation of lunar gravity field recovery from D-VLBI of Chang’E-1 and SELENE lunar orbiters

The lunar gravity field is a foundation to study the lunar interior structure, and to recover the evolution history of the Moon. It is still an open and key topic for lunar science. For above mentioned reasons, it becomes one of the important scientific objectives of recent lunar missions, such as KAGUYA (SELENE) the Japanese lunar mission and Chang’E-1, the Chinese lunar mission. The Chang’E-1 and the SELENE were successfully launched in 2007. It is estimated that these two missions can fly around the Moon longer than 6 months simultaneously. In these two missions, the Chinese new VLBI (Very Long Baseline Interferometry) network will be applied for precise orbit determination (POD) by using a differential VLBI (D-VLBI) method during the mission period. The same-beam D-VLBI technique will contribute to recover the lunar gravity field together with other conventional observables, i.e. R&RR (Range and Range Rate) and multi-way Doppler. Taking VLBI tracking conditions into consideration and using the GEODYNII/SOVLE software of GSFC/NASA/USA [8 and 10], we simulated the lunar gravity field recovering ability with and without D-VLBI between the Chang’E-1 and SELENE main satellite. The cases of overlapped flying and tracking period of 30 days, 60 days and 90 days have been analyzed, respectively. The results show that D-VLBI tracking between two lunar satellites can improve the gravity field recovery remarkably. The results and methods introduced in this paper will benefit the actual missions.     

基于测速定轨体制的布站几何优化设计

测速定轨体制下弹道参数估计的精度与布站几何的关系不同于传统的测距测速体制。从定轨的原理出发，分析测速体制下布站几何对弹道参数估计精度的影响，并采用遗传算法，在一定空域范围内无约束搜索和给定备选站址中的搜索两种应用背景下，进行布站几何的优化。在遗传算法的设计中，还考虑了不同适应度函数的选取及算法的稳定性等问题。仿真实验表明本文的方法优化效果显著。     

合成孔径雷达卫星定位误差源分析

根据合成孔径雷达（ＳＡＲ）星等斜距民我普勒频移的曲线相交和扁椭圆地球模型、多普勒频率漂移与卫星至目标斜距联立方且的解，详细阐述了ＳＡＲ星地面目标图像像定位原理。着重分析了平台星历、回波时延、目标高度、多普勒中心频率和时钟等误差与定位精度的关系，最后举例说明误差源的属性。     

The impact of error covariance matrix structure of GRACE’s gravity solution on the mass flux estimates of Greenland ice sheet

The error variance-covariance matrices of the monthly GRACE gravity field models are usually well-structured (e.g., order-leading) to contain the error information of the monthly gravity field models, and they are important information to further improve the accuracy of the estimated mass transportation by a post-processing scheme. Intensive studies have been performed to understand the impact of different approximations of the full error variance-covariance matrix on the mass estimates obtained with the conventional GRACE-post processing methods (e.g., the de-striping method). In this study, based on the variants of the mascon approach which treat monthly GRACE solutions as input, we consider four different structures to the error variance-covariance matrix, (i) full matrix, (ii) block diagonal matrix, (iii) diagonal matrix, and (iv) identity matrix, and examine their impact on the mass transport estimates in Greenland. Using both synthetic and real data, we analyze the results at four temporal scales: (i) the long-term decadal scale, (ii) the inter-annual scale, (iii) the seasonal scale, and (iv) the monthly scale. Based on the synthetic study, we find that for the recovery of the long-term trend, the application of the diagonal structure obtains the best estimates. This is caused by the amplification of the model error in the mascon approach when considering the full and block diagonal structures of error variance-covariance matrix, not due to any imperfection of them. Therefore, we emphasize that one should be aware of mascon model deficiency in the mascon approach. Furthermore, the best inter-annual, seasonal and monthly mass estimates are derived by considering the block diagonal and full structures. This is caused by the behavior of the bias and the unique parameterization error in the case of different structures. A similar finding is also presented in the real data case. Finally, our analysis denotes the necessity of releasing the block diagonal structure together with the official monthly gravity field model for the GRACE Follow-On mission, instead of releasing only the diagonal structure as done for the GRACE mission.     

过盈配合应力分布超声测量与连接力预测

为了实现过盈配合应力分布的测量和连接力预测,以超声波脉冲反射法原理为基础,建立了超声测量系统及标定装置。首先,利用标定装置对反射系数的影响因素进行了分析。然后,用所搭建的超声测量系统测量了3种过盈量(6μm,12μm和18μm)的应力分布,并根据测量结果实现了连接力的预测。最后,通过压出实验对预测结果进行了验证。研究表明,耦合剂、粗糙度的大小和纹理方向及覆型边界是影响测量精度的关键因素。本文建立的覆型边界误差分析模型可以实现测量误差的预测及补偿。应力分布测量结果能够有效反应配合面间的接触状态及缺陷,连接力的相对误差小于16%。因此,本文所建立的分析方法和测量系统可以实现应力分布的准确测量与连接力的可靠预测,并为过盈组件配合质量与连接力的可靠评估提供了技术支撑。此外,本文的研究方法具有普遍的适用性,对实现不同接触面间应力的测量具有一定的指导意义。     

Error constrained control of a pseudo-satellite with disturbance

This paper presents the control scheme of a pseudo-satellite in situations where error constraints, uncertainties, and external disturbances occur. The control scheme of a pseudo-satellite includes planar path following control scheme and altitude control scheme. In order to control the altitude of a pseudo-satellite, the backstepping technique is used to control the quality of air in the air balloon. To deal with the error constrained requirements of a pseudo-satellite’s position, a tan-type barrier Lyapunov function (TBLF) is proposed and incorporated with the guidance control schemes. Adaptive fuzzy disturbance observers are presented to estimate uncertainties and external disturbances. Rigorous stability analysis proves that the altitude error of the pseudo-satellite can be uniformly bounded, and the position error of which can be maintained within the range of constrained requirements, while all closed-loop signals are uniformly bounded regardless of uncertainties and disturbances.     

矢量信号调制质量分析方法研究与实现

采用矢量信号分析技术通过分析已调信号的特性，能够快速发现引起信号失真的原因，定位系统设计中的错误，该技术在信号分析仪器、数字通信等领域应用广泛。本文在深入研究矢量分析技术的基础上，建立了矢量信号分析模型，并对矢量信号分析中对结果影响较大的最佳判决未知和幅相补偿模块进行了详细分析。利用软件实现了矢量信号调制质量分析，能够快速的对EVM等指标进行计算，且易于嵌入其它系统和设备，使用方便。