塞式喷管二次喷射推力矢量控制研究

采用流体二次喷射方案,对塞式喷管发动机进行了不同工况的推力矢量控制冷流试验研究。在试验中,主要对影响推力矢量控制性能的参数:二次流流量、位置、喷射角度、二次流喷射孔的数量以及喷射孔出口面积大小等进行了研究。试验数据表明:二次流的工作参数和环境压力对侧向力的影响比较大。在高空环境下,推力矢量控制效果比较好,但在地面条件下,产生的侧向力比较小。二次流喷射产生侧向力的同时,对轴向力也有一定的增加。     

运载火箭组装与测试远程协同信息平台技术

为适应未来高频度发射任务需求,在借鉴国内外远程协同及信息应用技术基础上,以中国运载火箭组装、测试及发射任务为背景,通过对功能需求和技术难点分析,设计了运载火箭组装与测试远程协同应用系统,对关键技术进行了分析和论述,为运载火箭远程测试、协同决策发射提供有效技术解决途径。     

Planetary protection issues of private endeavours in research,exploration, and human access to space: An environmental economics approach to forward contamination

In light of the rapidly growing New Space Economy, the landscape of space exploration and development activities will certainly become much more complicated year by year. Relevant commercial space actors have already emerged, pushing the boundaries of entrepreneurial space ventures beyond the Earth-oriented upstream and downstream market segments and opening up the path towards the novel segments of space exploration, space resources utilization, and space research. Planetary protection is usually defined as a set of guidelines concerning the avoidance of bidirectional biological material exchange between the Earth and other celestial bodies. Recent success stories of established and new-entrant NewSpace actors, although posing no realistic planetary protection threat at present, clearly indicate that serious work needs to be done in order for the relevant guidelines to keep up with the rapid advances of the technology development cycles that occur within NewSpace companies. This need may become even more urgent, as space entrepreneurs acquire and develop the resources and competencies to target the currently underserved market segments of space research, exploration, and utilization. As of now, these capabilities were maintained solely by public space agencies; thus, all planetary protection priorities, strategies, and responsibilities were discussed, agreed-upon, and delegated for implementation among national and international working groups of public stakeholders. Although top-down regulations can be effective in controlling the quality and conformity of the deliverables of private subcontractors to public contractors, international planetary protection frameworks might need to evolve even beyond such unmet public-private interaction and partnership models. For this reason, this study did not focus on the legal and political issues of mandating NewSpace actors to adhere to planetary protection guidelines; rather, drawing from the field of sustainable development on Earth, an environmental economics approach was followed, with the goal of viewing the relationship between planetary protection and private space exploration and development as another “tragedy of the commons” problem that must be settled accordingly. After the problem’s framing, i.e. the conceptual presentation and synthesis of four extraterrestrial non-excludable goods, the initial approach of their total economic value, and the negative externalities of their exploitation, a discussion of the forward contamination mitigation costs was conducted. Drawing from the literature and using examples from both the terrestrial and aerospace sectors, a pre-emptive move was suggested: the establishment of a global industry consortium for the pre-competitive collaboration in forward contamination mitigation technologies, centered on an international planetary protection analogue program and its respective testbed facility.     

新一代运载火箭的数据驱动快速测试技术

本文提出一种数据驱动的快速测试技术。数据由箭上系统通过自检测(BIT)采集,经箭地高速总线传送至地面;地面数据处理终端采用与箭上系统相同的模型和算法,复现箭上的处理过程,从而判断系统中是否存在故障,实现快速故障定位。本文全面介绍实现这一设计的关键技术,包括箭上信息监测点的选择、总线窃听技术、飞行软件中的数据管理任务等,并示例说明各类典型数据的分析以及故障诊断和定位等。所有分析工作均实时自动完成,并能随测试用例的调整自适应地计算出新的比对结果,为提高系统级测试的覆盖性创造条件;并大大节省地面专用测试设备和数据分析时间,减少技术保障人员。     

对接动力学试验台的建模与仿真研究

对接动力学试验台采用半物理仿真的方法实时模拟空间两个飞行器在设定对接初始条 件下的对接动力学过程。本文应用EASY5和ADAMS建立了包括机构动力学模型、飞行器对接动 力学解算、轨迹规划解算及运动模拟器位姿反解与液压伺服油缸等组成的对接动力学试验台 系统联合仿真模型。进行组合初始姿态偏差对接仿真,通过仿真结果对比,验证了试验台数 学模型的正确性。进行试验台精度考核仿真,再现了影响试验台精度的主要因素。该模型为 试验台研制与调试提供了重要的依据。
     

一体化、轻量化卫星承力筒的研究

承力筒是卫星结构的关键部件。文章首先介绍了一种轻量化的蜂窝夹层结构承力筒,一体化设计了柱段和锥段,优选了蒙皮铺层;随后详细阐述了承力筒的主要工艺流程,给出了制造结果;在通过模态试验、振动试验等验证后,该承力筒成功地应用于某卫星上。最后,文章给出了该承力筒研制成功的重要意义。     

应用于流管实验装置的传声器计量方法

流管实验需要应用大量传声器,对所有传声器分别计量很耗时,导致计量和实验时的环境变化,影响测量精度。针对这一问题,本文发展了一种现场传声器阵列计量方法。该方法利用 两支已经计量完毕的标准传声器的测量结果计算管内声场,然后比对待计量传声器的测量信号得到其灵敏度。该方法与传统计量方法相比,不仅可对实验台使用的所有传声器进行同时计量,而且可提供相位的校准。本文介绍了在流管实验装置上进行的计量实验,并对计量结果用模态匹配方法进行了校核,显示使用该计量方法得到的声压与计算结果吻合得更好。由于现场计量方法是对不同频率分别进行计量,且最终的复灵敏度包含了安装误差、不同传声器相位匹配等因素的影响,因此可以用精度较高的传声器对精度较低的传声器进行计量,从而为一些需要较多传声器的大型实验测量提供低成本的解决方案。     

带尾缘劈缝冷气喷射的涡轮叶栅性能实验及计算

通过平面叶栅实验和CFD数值计算方法,研究了叶片尾缘全劈缝冷气喷射下涡轮叶栅流场和气动性能。试验和计算发现,在冷气喷射条件下用不同损失系数描述涡轮叶栅性能,结论明显不同,用考虑冷气能量的能量损失系数评价气冷涡轮叶栅性能较为准确和客观。在较小的冷气流量下,劈缝冷气喷射使叶栅能量损失降低,尾缘劈缝冷气喷射可改善近尾迹区域的流动,减小尾迹亏损,降低尾迹掺混损失。尾缘劈缝冷气射流方向偏向叶片某型面,则尾迹损失峰值朝此型面偏移。     

一种基于组合覆盖的黑盒测试用例自动生成方法

给出了一种黑盒测试用例的自动生成方法,该方法基于组合覆盖测试,能够在保证测试质量的同时有效地减少测试用例的数目和测试成本,提高测试效率。本文给出了这种用例生成方法的算法,说明了其有效性,并介绍了该方法软件原型的实现。     

制导工具误差折合精度影响因素分析

制导工具误差折合是导弹精度评定中的重要问题,其中最关键的技术问题是工具误差的折合精度问题。本文分别对用公式法求取误差折合系数时影响精度的各种因素从理论上进行了系统分析,并得出了外测误差精度、采样点数和弹道特性是影响折合精度的主要因素的结论。仿真计算结果表明了理论分析的正确性,为后续提高误差折合精度指明了方向。