某中央翼燃油箱惰化流场的数值模拟及特性分析

在不同富氮气体入口参数下,对某大型运输机中央翼燃油箱的惰化过程进行了数值模拟,研究了在不同流量和体积分数富氮气体条件下燃油箱的惰化规律.计算结果显示:当富氮气体中氮气体积分数为95%、体积流量分别为0.021,0.028m3/s和0.042m3/s时,燃油箱内平均氧体积分数随体积置换次数的变化曲线几乎完全重合;当富氮气体体积流量为0.042m3/s、氮气体积百分比分别为92%,94%和98%时,燃油箱惰化率随时间的变化曲线重合.说明相同体积分数富氮气体条件下燃油箱惰化完成时所需富氮气体量与富氮气体流量无关,而富氮气体的流量直接决定了各舱室富氮气体的惰化率.通过对计算结果的分析,证明了利用缩比油箱去模拟真实油箱的惰化过程的合理性.为优化某运输机中央翼燃油箱惰化系统设计提供参考.      

通气量对超空泡生成与维持影响实验研究

为获得通气超空泡生成和维持的通气流量设计依据,在西北工业大学高速水洞进行了带圆盘空化器航行体多种工况下通气流量对超空泡生成和维持影响的实验研究.实验结果表明:生成给定通气超空泡形态的临界通气流量与维持相应空泡形态的临界通气流量相差很大,但二者随自然空化数的变化规律相同;在保证生成稳定超空泡前提下,空泡生成相对速度和相对时间随通气流量的增大出现相反的变化趋势,且空泡生成速度与航行体速度相差较大.实验显示空泡生成速度是航行体速度的0.015~0.28倍.该研究结论将为进一步研究自由航行超空泡航行体的通气流量设计提供参考.     

基于状态图的航天器测试用例设计

为进一步提高航天器测试效率和测试覆盖性,提出了一种基于状态图的航天器测试用例设计方法,以状态图模型作为测试用例设计的依据,通过模型覆盖准则,由算法生成测试用例,并以自主热控功能的测试为例,对新方法进行了可行性验证,给出了原始用例和新用例的比较结果。该方法有利于准确衡量测试用例覆盖率,缩短用例设计时间,可为工程应用提供参考。     

从空战制胜机理演变看未来战斗机发展趋势

制空权是当代战争一切空中行动的前提条件,而承担空中优势重任的战斗机的研发工作长期以来为各军事大国所重视。数十年来,美军在空战理论、战斗机研发和空战实践等方面具有领先优势,已率先完成由能量机动制胜向信息机动制胜的空战能力转变。随着自主、人工智能、无人、通信、计算等技术的快速进步,美军正在塑造以下一代战斗机为核心,以复杂空战系统为基本空战单元的新空战形态,认知机动制胜将是未来空中对抗的制胜机理。本文将系统梳理空战制胜机理的演变历程,结合当前技术发展与布局,研判未来战斗机发展趋势。     

基于电阻阵列的红外场景生成技术

针对红外成像制导半实物仿真试验的需求,研究了红外场景生成技术。主要通过对场景的建模、目标及场景的红外特性分析,开展了基于可见光图像调制生成红外图像技术的研究。同时对飞机、地面背景及红外诱饵干扰的建模技术进行了探讨,完善了红外场景的生成方法。利用该红外场景生成技术为基于电阻阵列的红外图像转换器提供输入信息,驱动电阻阵列产生红外辐射,经热像仪观测,生成的图像细腻、真实度高,为制导半实物仿真试验提供了更为逼真的红外仿真环境。     

Evolution and History in a new “Mathematical SETI” model

In a recent paper (Maccone, 2011 [15]) and in a recent book (Maccone, 2012 [17]), this author proposed a new mathematical model capable of merging SETI and Darwinian Evolution into a single mathematical scheme. This model is based on exponentials and lognormal probability distributions, called “b-lognormals” if they start at any positive time b (“birth”) larger than zero. Indeed:

• 1.Darwinian evolution theory may be regarded as a part of SETI theory in that the factor f_l in the Drake equation represents the fraction of planets suitable for life on which life actually arose, as it happened on Earth.
• 2.In 2008 (Maccone, 2008 [9]) this author firstly provided a statistical generalization of the Drake equation where the number N of communicating ET civilizations in the Galaxy was shown to follow the lognormal probability distribution. This fact is a consequence of the Central Limit Theorem (CLT) of Statistics, stating that the product of a number of independent random variables whose probability densities are unknown and independent of each other approached the lognormal distribution if the number of factors is increased at will, i.e. it approaches infinity.
• 3.Also, in Maccone (2011 [15]), it was shown that the exponential growth of the number of species typical of Darwinian Evolution may be regarded as the geometric locus of the peaks of a one-parameter family of b-lognormal distributions constrained between the time axis and the exponential growth curve. This was a brand-new result. And one more new and far-reaching idea was to define Darwinian Evolution as a particular realization of a stochastic process called Geometric Brownian Motion (GBM) having the above exponential as its own mean value curve.
• 4.The b-lognormals may be also be interpreted as the lifespan of any living being, let it be a cell, or an animal, a plant, a human, or even the historic lifetime of any civilization. In Maccone, (2012 [17, Chapters 6, 7, 8 and 11]), as well as in the present paper, we give important exact equations yielding the b-lognormal when its birth time, senility-time (descending inflexion point) and death time (where the tangent at senility intercepts the time axis) are known. These also are brand-new results. In particular, the σ=1 b-lognormals are shown to be related to the golden ratio, so famous in the arts and in architecture, and these special b-lognormals we call “golden b-lognormals”.
• 5.Applying this new mathematical apparatus to Human History leads to the discovery of the exponential trend of progress between Ancient Greece and the current USA Empire as the envelope of the b-lognormals of all Western Civilizations over a period of 2500 years.
• 6.We then invoke Shannon's Information Theory. The entropy of the obtained b-lognormals turns out to be the index of “development level” reached by each historic civilization. As a consequence, we get a numerical estimate of the entropy difference (i.e. the difference in the evolution levels) between any two civilizations. In particular, this was the case when Spaniards first met with Aztecs in 1519, and we find the relevant entropy difference between Spaniards an Aztecs to be 3.84 bits/individual over a period of about 50 centuries of technological difference. In a similar calculation, the entropy difference between the first living organism on Earth (RNA?) and Humans turns out to equal 25.57 bits/individual over a period of 3.5 billion years of Darwinian Evolution.
• 7.Finally, we extrapolate our exponentials into the future, which is of course arbitrary, but is the best Humans can do before they get in touch with any alien civilization. The results are appalling: the entropy difference between aliens 1 million years more advanced than Humans is of the order of 1000 bits/individual, while 10,000 bits/individual would be requested to any Civilization wishing to colonize the whole Galaxy (Fermi Paradox).
• 8.In conclusion, we have derived a mathematical model capable of estimating how much more advanced than humans an alien civilization will be when SETI succeeds.

     

增透膜在槽式太阳能高温集热管产业化生产中的应用

高温太阳能集热管作为槽式太阳能热发电系统的核心部件,直接影响其发电效率。文章研究了采用溶胶-凝胶技术和提拉法在高温太阳能集热管的玻璃外管上镀制增透膜,大大地提高了集热管的集热效率;研制了年产15万支的集热管增透膜镀膜自动化生产线,产业化能力得到稳步提升。     

渐开线碟形砂轮磨削面齿轮数控加工研究

为进行面齿轮数控精密加工,提出了一种渐开线碟形砂轮磨削面齿轮加工方法.根据面齿轮成形过程及磨削加工原理,推导了渐开线碟形砂轮磨削面齿轮齿面方程,进行了面齿轮磨削加工机床设计,给出了基于机床结构的面齿轮磨削加工方法,进行了磨削加工过程中的啮合点刀位计算;借助VERICUT软件进行了面齿轮数控磨削加工仿真,最后进行了面齿轮磨削加工试验,通过对面齿轮齿面进行检测,得到齿面偏差最大值为-10.1~12.1μm,结果验证了渐开线碟形砂轮磨削加工面齿轮方法的正确性.      

TT-RMS:时间触发网络通信表生成算法

针对时间触发网络依据全局时间进行触发数据通信的特点,提出了一种基于单调速率调度(RMS)调度机制的通信表生成算法时间触发单调速率调度(TT-RMS),来生成时间触发网络的通信表.TT-RMS算法在安排消息时间槽过程中,首先根据消息周期,计算出各个链路的总负载,再根据链路的消息周期和总负载,通过RMS机制进行消息排序,确定出消息调度的先后顺序,最后根据时间槽的分配状态进行消息调度,优化了消息的调度过程.所提算法的计算时间复杂度为O(n2),空间复杂度为O(n).目前广泛研究和应用的可满足性理论(SMT)通信表生成方法,其计算时间复杂度通常是多项式级,有时计算时间不收敛.实验结果显示,TT-RMS调度的网络单个链路负载最大可接近100%,计算时间在1 ms左右,平均可调度网络负载是SMT方法可调度网络负载的两倍.TT-RMS通信表生成算法具有计算时间短,可调度消息负载多等优点,可以更好地满足航空航天复杂系统中上千条实时消息流的调度需要.      

三床型机载制氧系统控制设计与实验验证

为解决两床型机载制氧系统在实际应用过程中出现的输出压力波动大及低空氧浓度偏高等问题,需研制与开发三床型机载制氧系统。为此,依据系统控制逻辑,采用电磁阀驱动电控气动阀循环工作的控制模式,开展了三床型机载制氧系统的控制设计,提出了高低空分段调节循环周期的控制方法,并在不同输入压力、流量条件下,对三床型机载制氧系统进行了循环周期实验,探索了产品气氧浓度随循环周期时间的变化规律。研究结果表明:当采用高空循环周期为6 s,低空循环周期为9 s,高低空分段高度为3.5 km等控制参数时,系统控制设计可适用于三床型机载制氧系统,并满足三床型机载制氧系统控制设计的需求。