Input Parameters for Models of Energetic Electrons Fluxes at the Geostationary Orbit

The results of cross-correlation analysis between electrons fluxes (with energies of > 0.6MeV, > 2.0 MeV and > 4.0MeV), geomagnetic indices and solar wind parameters are shown in the paper. It is determined that the electron fluxes are controlled not only by the geomagnetic indices, but also by the solar wind parameters, and the solar wind velocity demonstrates the best relation with the electron fluxes. Numerical value of the relation efficiency of external parameters with the highly energetic electrons fluxes shows a periodicity. It is presented here the preliminary results of daily averaged electrons fluxes forecast for a day ahead on the basis of the model of neuron networks.     

太阳微波爆发与高能质子的共生过程

本文根据近年来对太阳射电爆发与高能质子／γ射线谱线辐射等观测资料的统计分析,得出不同型别的太阳射电爆发中以微波爆发与γ射线辐射／质子事件发生过程中的高能质子共生率最高,趋近100％,这一结果,否定了以前认为米波Ⅱ型或米波Ⅳ型爆发拥有产生高能质子必要条件的看法;指出：上述微波爆发可以细分为脉冲型和微波Ⅳ型（Ⅳμ型）,它们的物理条件不同,共生关系的表现特征也不尽相同;并且对上述共生现象的物理过程作了初步的解释和探讨．     

含能材料及相关物的低温焓松驰研究──(Ⅰ)由DSC获得粘弹系数

用差示扫描量热仪（ＤＳＣ）技术研究了某些含能材料及相关物的低温焓松弛过程及时温等效,通过玻璃化转变温度与升温速率的关系,导出了ＷＬＦ方程粘弹系数的计算式,并计算了１０个体系的粘弹系数,实验结果表明,用ＤＳＣ技术可以测定焓松驰和ＷＬＦ方程的系数。     

Plasma flow variations and energetic protons upstream of the earth’s bow shock: A statistical study

Foreshock is a special region located upstream of the Earth’s bow shock characterized by the presence of various plasma waves and fluctuations caused by the interaction of the solar wind plasma with particles reflected from the bow shock or escaping from the magnetosphere. On the other hand, foreshock fluctuations may modify the bow shock structure and, being carried through the magnetosheath, influence the magnetopause. During the years 1995–2000, the INTERBALL-1 satellite made over 10,000 hours of plasma and energetic particles measurements in the solar wind upstream of the Earth’s bow shock. We have sorted intervals according to the level of solar wind ion flux fluctuations and/or according to the flux of back-streaming energetic protons. An analysis of connection between a level of ion flux fluctuations and fluxes of high-energy protons and their relation to the IMF orientation is presented.     

Feasibility study of astronaut standardized career dose limits in LEO and the outlook for BLEO

Cosmic Study Group SG 3.19/1.10 was established in February 2013 under the aegis of the International Academy of Astronautics to consider and compare the dose limits adopted by various space agencies for astronauts in Low Earth Orbit. A preliminary definition of the limits that might later be adopted by crews exploring Beyond Low Earth Orbit was, in addition, to be made. The present paper presents preliminary results of the study reported at a Symposium held in Turin by the Academy in July 2013. First, an account is provided of exposure limits assigned by various partner space agencies to those of their astronauts that work aboard the International Space Station. Then, gaps in the scientific and technical information required to safely implement human missions beyond the shielding provided by the geomagnetic field (to the Moon, Mars and beyond) are identified. Among many recommendations for actions to mitigate the health risks potentially posed to personnel Beyond Low Earth Orbit is the development of a preliminary concept for a Human Space Awareness System to: provide for crewed missions the means of prompt onboard detection of the ambient arrival of hazardous particles; develop a strategy for the implementation of onboard responses to hazardous radiation levels; support modeling/model validation that would enable reliable predictions to be made of the arrival of hazardous radiation at a distant spacecraft; provide for the timely transmission of particle alerts to a distant crewed vehicle at an emergency frequency using suitably located support spacecraft. Implementation of the various recommendations of the study can be realized based on a two pronged strategy whereby Space Agencies/Space Companies/Private Entrepreneurial Organizations etc. address the mastering of required key technologies (e.g. fast transportation; customized spacecraft design) while the International Academy of Astronautics, in a role of handling global international co-operation, organizes complementary studies aimed at harnessing the strengths and facilities of emerging nations in investigating/solving related problems (e.g. advanced space radiation modeling/model validation; predicting the arrivals of Solar Energetic Particles and shocks at a distant spacecraft). Ongoing progress in pursuing these complementary parallel programs could be jointly reviewed bi-annually by the Space Agencies and the International Academy of Astronautics so as to maintain momentum and direction in globally progressing towards feasible human exploration of interplanetary space.     

Correlation between the cosmic noise absorption calculated from the SARINET data and the energetic particles measured by MEPED: Simultaneous observations over SAMA region

The cosmic noise absorption is presented in terms of two-dimensional images obtained from the imaging riometers operated at the Southern Space Observatory (geographic coordinate: 29.4° S, 53.1° W), in São Martinho da Serra, Brazil, Concepcion (geographic coordinate: 36.5° S, 73.0° W) and Punta Arenas (geographic coordinate: 53.0° S, 70.5° W) in Chile, which belong to the South American Riometer Network and are located at the central and periphery regions of the South American Magnetic Anomaly. Correlations are performed between the maximum cosmic noise absorption observed at these stations and the energetic electron flux in two energy channels (>30 and >300 keV) and the proton flux in three energy channels (80–240, 800–2500 and >6900 keV) as measured by the Medium Energy Proton and Electron Detector, during a moderate geomagnetic storm that occurred on September 3, 2008. The results show high correlations between the cosmic noise absorption detected at São Martinho da Serra and the flux of protons with energy between 80 and 240 keV, and the flux of electrons with energies higher than 300 keV, while an additional ionization at Concepcion was correlated with electrons of energies higher than 30 keV. The cosmic noise absorption detected at Punta Arenas was probably caused by the increase of the protons flux with energy between 80 and 240 keV.     

新型含能材料──CL－20

综述了ＣＬ－２０结构特征、合成方法及热分解性能，并对其作为固体推进剂氧化剂的能量特性进行了计算分析。结果显示ＣＬ－２０具有能量密度高、感度适中等特点，同时具有较好热稳定性和不同于ＨＭＸ的热分解特性，是一种有潜力的高能量密度材料。     

四氢呋喃共聚型GAP粘合剂研究

四氢呋喃共聚型ＧＡＰ粘合剂的合成分两上步骤；１。通过四氢呋喃（ＴＨＦ）和环氧氧丙（ＥＣＨ）在ＢＦ３加二元醇催化下的阳离子开环聚合反应合成端羟基ＴＨＦ－ＥＣＨ共聚醚；２；端羟基ＴＨＦ－ＥＣＨ共聚醚叠氮化生成ＴＨＦ共聚型ＧＡ粘合剂。ＴＨＦ共聚型ＧＡＰ常温和低温力学性能明显优于均聚ＧＡＰ，感度比均聚ＧＡＰ低，热稳定怀和均聚ＧＡＰ相当。但是均聚ＧＡＰ和硝酸酯的相容性明显高于ＴＨＦ共聚型ＧＡＰ。     

少烟丁羟推进剂高压性能的实验研究

对少烟丁羟复合推进剂在高压下的燃烧性能，能量特性和微波衰减特性进行了实验研究。研究得出：少烟丁羟复合推进剂在１７－１８ＭＰａ以上压强时存在燃速变现象，但不会引起发动机工作压强失控，而且通过调整弹道良剂可以降低推进剂高压压强指数，少烟丁羟复合推进剂高压少平面实际比冲可以突破２４５２Ｎ．ｓ／ｋｇ；该推进剂的微波衰减强度只相当于普通双基推进剂的水平，比（有烟）丁羟复合推进剂和改性双基推进剂低得多。     

A particle event at 5 AU and 20° southern latitude from measurements with the EPAC instrument on Ulysses

In November 1992, the Ulysses spacecraft observed a multiple solar particle event and a CME event at 5.2 AU and a heliographic latitude of 20° S which were superimposed to the recurrent corotating interacting region. Distinct particle flux increases caused by these events were observed in all energy channels of the EPAC experiment. The experimental findings are discussed.